Education and Development: The Issues and the Evidence

1987

Chung

Hong Kong census

returns to vocational and
technical education higher
than to general education
but significant only for
rapidly growing electrical
and commercial sectors

1987

Komenan

Ivory Coast labour
survey

Technical education has
higher payoff than
general education but
costs are higher at
secondary level

1987

Min & Tsang

Worker Survey in
Beijing

productivity of vocational
and technical education
higher than for those with
general secondary [auto
industry]

1988

Chin-Aleong

Labour force in
Trinidad & Tobago

specialised craft students
found jobs more quickly
than did academic
students

1988

Grootaert

Ivory Coast Living
Standards

social rates of return are
low to vocational and
technical education but
higher at post secondary
levels compared to post-
primary

1988

Moock & Bellew

Peru Living Standards
Survey

returns similar to
vocational and technical
education and academic
graduates except for self-
employed

1988

Noah & Middleton

secondary data from
China

need to shift away from
apprenticeship vocational
and technical education to
in school vocational and
technical education

1988

Psacharopoulos

Six firms in Peru

higher rate of return for
short vocational and
technical education

courses