Education and Development: The Issues and the Evidence

1983

United Nations

Data from world
fertility survey of 22
developing countries

Differential fertility
highest in countries with
highest levels of
development; confirms
negative influence of
education on fertility

1984

Zachariah & Patel

Fertility decline in
India

socioeconomic factors
influence family planning
practices

Financing Education

1983

Woodhall

secondary data on
student loans

student loans available in
30 countries; programs
appear successful

1984

Tan et al

Malawi

user fees will have small
effect on enrolment; large
for low income families

1985

Schiefelbein

private and public
schools in Chile

private schools achieve
more even when social
factors controlled

1986

Jiminez

private and public
schools in Bolivia and
Paraguay

private schools achieve
more even through unit
costs are lower

1986

Mingat & Tan

university student

simulation of student loan
repayment suggest some
recuperation of public
costs particularly in Asia
and LA

1986

World Bank

Review

cost-recovery and fee-
based private education
have small negative
impact on attendance;
possible positive impact
on equity in school
spending

1987

Jiminez

household survey data

average enrolment might
remain stable if fees
increase: effects depend
on income group