Education and Development: The Issues and the Evidence

Education and the Environment

1983	United Nations	Data from world fertility survey of 22 developing countries	Differential fertility highest in countries with highest levels of development; confirms negative influence of education on fertility
1984	Zachariah & Patel	Fertility decline in India	socioeconomic factors influence family planning practices
Financing Education
1983	Woodhall	secondary data on student loans	student loans available in 30 countries; programs appear successful
1984	Tan et al	Malawi	user fees will have small effect on enrolment; large for low income families
1985	Schiefelbein	private and public schools in Chile	private schools achieve more even when social factors controlled
1986	Jiminez	private and public schools in Bolivia and Paraguay	private schools achieve more even through unit costs are lower
1986	Mingat & Tan	university student	simulation of student loan repayment suggest some recuperation of public costs particularly in Asia and LA
1986	World Bank	Review	cost-recovery and fee- based private education have small negative impact on attendance; possible positive impact on equity in school spending
1987	Jiminez	household survey data	average enrolment might remain stable if fees increase: effects depend on income group