C. Preliminary suggestions for ground rents in 1994 and thereafter 134
VI. Proposed tax reforms 135
VII. Land development fund 136
A. Proposals and assessment 136
B. Legal reforms: The draft law 139
VIII. Summary, conclusions, and recommendations 143
A. Summary and conclusions 143
B. Recommendations 144
Chapter 5: Land Tenure and Agricultural Development in Customary Areas:
Results from Eastern and Southern Provinces 149
I. Introduction 149
II. Overview of LTC/ICRAF Study 149
III. Land tenure 151
A. Land administration 151
B. Land acquisition 152
C. Rights to land 156
D. Transfer rights 157
E. Exclusion rights 158
F. Tenure security 159
G. Concept of ownership 160
H. Land disputes 161
I. Documentation 161
IV. Agricultural development indicators 162
A. Credit and use of oxen 162
B. Land improvements 163
C. Tree products and tree planting 164
V. Tenure and agricultural development 165
A. Methodology 165
B. Results 167
VI. Summary and implications for further research 169
A. Summary 169
B. Implications for further research 171
Chapter 6: Settlement Programs 173
I. Introduction 173
II. Historical rationale for settlement schemes 174
A. Land alienation and reservation schemes 174
B. Agricultural settlement schemes 176
C. Schemes for Angolan refugees 177
D. Postindependence settlement schemes 177
III. Institutions involved in the settlement program 180
IV. Settler selection procedures and assistance provided 181
V. Structure and growth of settlement schemes 185
VI. Present administration of settlement programs 191
VII. Access by women and minority groups 192
VIII. Desertion of settlement schemes 194
IX. Type of production on schemes 194