Contribution of Economics to Design of Sustainable Cattle Breeding Programs in Eastern Africa: A Choice Experiment Approach



16

Table 3: Simulated ML estimates from choice experiment, mixed logit

Bulls traits

Mean coefficient

Standard deviation
coefficient________________

Random parameters in utility function
Trypanotolerance

0.4556***

0.6684***

Traction potential

(0.0842)

1.6838***

(0.0812)

1.4233***

Fertility

(0.1302)

0.3747***

(0.1181)

0.7235***

Liveweight in Kg

(0.1209)

0.2772***

(0.1053)

0.3650***

Purchase price (US$)

(0.0956)

-0.2319*

(0.0529)

0.3087***

(0.1278)

(0.2425)

Non-random parameters in utility function

Low watering frequency                0.1831***

(0.0501)

Dark coat colour                       -0.0278

Constant

(0.0535)

-2.4696***

(0.2792)_________________________________________

Simulated log likelihood at convergence

-1231.072           N=2783

Likelihood ratio testa  941.8 (χ02.99(20) =

37.6); McFadden R2b = 0.312; Halton draws=100

Cows traits

Random parameters in utility function

Purchase price (US$)

-0.0333*

0.1161***

Trypanotolerance

(0.0145)

1.5671***

(0.0279)

2.1548***

Supplementary feeds

(0.0988)

-0.4217***

(0.1933)

0.7299***

Milk yield

(0.0908)

0.4429***

(0.1656)

0.4422***

Reproduction ability

(0.0741)

0.4866***

(0.1294)

0.7166***

(0.0965)

(0.1744)

Non-random parameters in utility function

Low watering frequency

0.0991

(0.0606)

Dark coat colour

-0.0359

(0.0505)

Liveweight in Kg

0.2911***

(0.0942)

Constant

-2.4601***

(0.3169)_________________________________________

Simulated log likelihood at convergence -1391.685             N=3036

Likelihood ratio testa  793.6 (χ02.99(20) =37.6); McFadden R2b =0.222; Halton draws=100

a The likelihood ratio test is given by 2(Lβ-Lω), where Lω is the unrestricted maximum log-likelihood from the
mixed logit estimation and L
ω is the restricted maximum log-likelihood from the multinomial logit estimation. It
has an asymptotic
χ2(k) distribution where k is the number of required restrictions.

b McFadden R2 is computed as R 2=1- Lω Lω

***, **, * indicate that coefficients are statistically significant at the 1, 5 and 10 % levels, respectively, using
P-values in maximum likelihood estimation. Robust standard errors in parenthesis.



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