|
Table 1. Descriptive Statistics on Se |
ected Variables_________________________________ | |||||||||||
|
Average Number of employees |
Percent of Foreign owned firmsc) |
Percent of Public owned firmsd) | ||||||||||
|
All |
Drugs & Pharma |
Electronic Goods |
Garm. |
All |
Drugs |
Electronic |
Garm. |
All |
Drugs |
Electronic |
Garm. | |
|
Total Sample |
306,84 (856,81) |
389,79 (646,97) |
51,85 (80,17) |
339,79 (1045,83) |
11,7% |
18,5% |
3,2% |
10,7% |
2,1% |
1,9% |
- |
2,9% |
|
Exportersa) |
418,29 (996,72) |
505,31 |
88,36 |
434,39 (1176,37) |
16,5% |
25% |
7,1% |
13,9% |
3% |
2,5% |
- |
3,8% |
|
Importersb) |
615,41 (1283,74) |
541,17 (751,59) |
121,06 (124,44) |
821,94 (1786,56) |
22,2% |
28,6% |
- |
20,0% |
4,2% |
2,9% |
- |
6,7% |
a) Exporters are those firms that in the five years considered have on average a positive ratio of total exports to total sales.
b) Importers are those firms that in the five years considered have on average a positive ratio of total imports to total
intermediate inputs.
c) percentage of firms with a positive foreign ownership share.
d) percentage of firms with a positive public ownership share.
As mentioned in the introduction, the main objective of this analysis is to explore in
details the role of import and export with respect to firm performance.
For this, we will concentrate on the degree of exposure to foreign markets. Specifically,
more than concentrating on binary variables to identify exporters and importers we will
use directly the share of output sold abroad and the share of intermediate inputs
imported.
In Table 2 the descriptive statistics on import share and exports share show that the
average firm in the sample imports 10 percent of its intermediate inputs while it exports
almost 30 percent of its output. Considering that, in our sample, there are many firms
which buy intermediate inputs only from domestic suppliers, excluding the latter, the
average import share becomes much higher reaching 37 percent. The same thing
happens when the sample is restricted to exporters among which the average import
share is almost 70 percent higher than the overall mean.
Similar patterns are followed by the export share variable. However, confronting the two
sub-samples of importers and exporters it emerges that the average export share of
importers is quite close to their average import share while among exporters there is, on
average, a wider gap between the two measures in favour of export practices20.
20 This of course could reflect the fact that among importers, there is about 80 percent of exporters while
among exporters there is only a 40 percent of importers.