10
significantly different from control. Various experiments done with direct additions of
HCl to the remote water also repeated showed decreases in pH value in the water being
measured.
In short, with all experimental setups and their variations described herein, we
have observed clear and reproducible non-local effects with the aids of high-precision
analytical instruments and under well-controlled conditions. The physical observables
used for measuring the non-local effects are simple ones which can be measured with
high precisions. These effects are, even under the most stringent statistical analysis,
significantly above and beyond what were noticeable in the control experiments.
Through careful analysis, we have excluded the possibility that the observed
weight variation was a secondary local effect due to heat loss and/or sensitivity drift of
balance associated with temperature change induced by the remote manipulation. First,
during the period of remote manipulation the total temperature change was less than
0.08°C so the total heat loss for the 175ml water in the first-reservoir is about 60J. In
contrast, the weight loss during remote manipulation was on average about 2mg which
is 18x109J in energy unit. Second, the first-reservoir and the pan of the balance were
separated by 1-inch white foam to prevent heat transfer to the analytic balance. Even in
the highly unlikely scenario that this temperature change somehow affected the overall
temperature of the balance, the associated sensitivity drift of the balance was about
0.03mg which is 10 times smaller than what’ s actually observed. In addition, Figures
5A, 5B and 5C also show several other signatures of remote freeze-thaw treatment as
the sole cause of the observed weight variations. Therefore, the observed gravity
variation is a genuine and direct non-local effect associated with quantum entanglement.
However, as with many other important new results, replications by others are the key
to independently confirm our results reported here.