The name is absent



298

KRISTAL AND WAMPLER

Table I

Diets

Daily

Food and Water

Intake of Nonpregnant and

Pregnant Female Rats on Three

Diet 1

Diet 2

Diet 3

Group

N       Pellets*

Tap Watert

N

High-Fat Mash*

Sugar Waterf

N______Eggnogf

Nonpregnant-Without

Estrus

Virgin

S     16.3 t 0.37

32.5 t

1.22

4

8.9 ±

0.42

77.5 ± 5.57

5     65.8 ±

1.42

Multiparous

3     I7.7t0.55

46.1 ±

3.49

3

10.6 ±

0.49

112.3 ± 12.72

4     92.2 ±

2.17

Combined

8     16.8 ± 0.32

37.9 ±

1.79

7

9.7 t

0.34

92.3 ± 6.64

9     77.9 1

2.03

Pregnant (Base Level)

Primiparous

3     20.5 ± 0.75

40.4 ±

4.54

3

12.0 *

4.17

86.7 ± 16.43

3     79.9 ±

8.09

Multiparous

2      28.1 ± 3.61

68.2 ±

17.15

2

14.6 ±

2.50

195.4 ± 13.61

2     61.5 ±

6.00

Combined

5     23.5 ± 2.22

51.5 t

9.04

5

13.0 ±

2.50

130.2 ± 28.44

5     72.6 ±

6.60

Pregnant (Last Day)

Primiparous

3     19.3 t 2.88

14.0 t

9.08

3

8.3 t

0.20

19.3 ± 11.39

3     55.3 ±10.49

MuItiparous

2     27.5 t 0.60

43.0 t

15.00

2

15.5 ±

10.25

45.0 ± 33.01

2    65.0 ±23.01

Combined

5     22.6 ± 2.55

25.6 ⅜

9.88

5

11.2 ±

3.70

29.6 ± 13.69

5     59.2 ⅛

9.57

*X gm/day *

SE

tX ml∕day

± SE

RESULTS

Food intake on all three diets remained relatively
stable over the last trimester of pregnancy; therefore,
only the last 5 days prior to parturition were used.
Days 2-5 prior to parturition were used to compute the
base level intake for the pregnant females, and the last
24 h of pregnancy are referred to as the last day or
Day 1. The raw daily food and fluid intake values for all
groups are presented in Table 1.

To equate all three diets, daily intake was converted
to caloric intake for certain analyses. The caloric values
of dry pellets and of high-fat mash are 3.61 kcal∕g and
5.50kcal∕g, respectively (Corbit & Stellar, 1964). The
caloric values of S% sucrose solution and of eggnog were
computed to be 0.2 kcal∕ml and 0.87 kcal∕ml,
respectively. The daily total caloric intake values for all
groups are presented in Table 2.

The elimination of intake values on the days of estrus
in the nonpregnant group resulted in a mean increase in
daily intake values of 4.14% ± 1.44%. The increase was
reliable in that the mean raw-intake values of all 10 cells
in Table 1 increased after the removal of estrus days.

An analysis of variance (ANOVA) applied to the
pregnant base level (Days 2-5) caloric intake and
nonpregnant level of caloric intake indicated that
pregnant females ingested a significantly greater number
of calories per day on all diets (F = 29.60; df= 1,27;
p<.001). When the three diets were compared, both
pregnant and nonpregnant females exhibited differences
in base level intake (F = 18.13; df = 2,27; p < .001). A
Duncan multiple range test indicated that the total daily
caloric intake was significantly greater on Diet 2
(high-fat mash and 5% sucrose) in both pregnant and
nonpregnant females than it was on Diet 3 (eggnog) or
on Diet 1 (pellets and water), but the caloric intake on
Diet 1 did not differ from that of Diet 3. Caloric intake
of multiparous females was significantly greater than
that of inexperienced females (F = 26.82; df = 1,27;
p<.001) when both pregnant (base level) and

Table 2

Daily Caloric

Intake of Nonpregnant

and Pregnant

Female Rats on

Three Diets

Diet 1*

Diet 2**

Diet 3⅜

TotalkcalZDay

Total kcal∕Day

Total kcal∕Day

Group

N

X ÷ SE________

N

X ± SE

_____N__

X ± SE

Nonpregnant-Without Estrus
Virgin

5

58.8 ± 1.33

4

64.6 ± 6.62

5

57.3 і 1.23

Multiparous
Combined

3

8

63.7 ± 1.98

60.8 ± 1.15

3

7

81.3 ± 10.28

71.7 ± 11.78

4

9

80.2 ± 1.88

67.7 ± 1.76

Pregnant (Base Level)
Primipatous

3

74,0 ± 2,71

3

83.3 ± 21.27

3

69.5 ± 7.04

Multiparous

2

101.4 ± 12.97

2

119.4 ± 11.03

2

53.5 ± 5.22

Combined

5

85.0 ± 8.01

5

97.7 ± 15.03

5

63.1 ± 5.75

Pregnant (Last Day)
Primiparous

3

69.8 ± 10.39

3

49.5 ± 2.91

3

48.1 ± 9.13

Multiparous

2

99.3 ± 2.16

2

94.5 ± 62.98

2

56.6 ± 20.01

Combined

_5

81.6 t 9.22

5

67.5 і 22.80

5

51.5 ± 8.32

“Diet 1: pellets = 3.61 к call gm

**Diet 2: high-fat diet = 5.5 kcal/gm; 5% sucrose in water = 0.2 kcal/ml
!Diet 3; eggnog = 0.87 kcal!ml



More intriguing information

1. Non Linear Contracting and Endogenous Buyer Power between Manufacturers and Retailers: Empirical Evidence on Food Retailing in France
2. Group cooperation, inclusion and disaffected pupils: some responses to informal learning in the music classroom
3. The name is absent
4. AJAE Appendix: Willingness to Pay Versus Expected Consumption Value in Vickrey Auctions for New Experience Goods
5. HEDONIC PRICES IN THE MALTING BARLEY MARKET
6. DURABLE CONSUMPTION AS A STATUS GOOD: A STUDY OF NEOCLASSICAL CASES
7. Parent child interaction in Nigerian families: conversation analysis, context and culture
8. Alzheimer’s Disease and Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
9. I nnovative Surgical Technique in the Management of Vallecular Cyst
10. The Challenge of Urban Regeneration in Deprived European Neighbourhoods - a Partnership Approach