298
KRISTAL AND WAMPLER
|
Table I |
Diets | |||||||||
|
Daily |
Food and Water |
Intake of Nonpregnant and |
Pregnant Female Rats on Three | |||||||
|
Diet 1 |
Diet 2 |
Diet 3 | ||||||||
|
Group |
N Pellets* |
Tap Watert |
N |
High-Fat Mash* |
Sugar Waterf |
N______Eggnogf | ||||
|
Nonpregnant-Without |
Estrus | |||||||||
|
Virgin |
S 16.3 t 0.37 |
32.5 t |
1.22 |
4 |
8.9 ± |
0.42 |
77.5 ± 5.57 |
5 65.8 ± |
1.42 | |
|
Multiparous |
3 I7.7t0.55 |
46.1 ± |
3.49 |
3 |
10.6 ± |
0.49 |
112.3 ± 12.72 |
4 92.2 ± |
2.17 | |
|
Combined |
8 16.8 ± 0.32 |
37.9 ± |
1.79 |
7 |
9.7 t |
0.34 |
92.3 ± 6.64 |
9 77.9 1 |
2.03 | |
|
Pregnant (Base Level) | ||||||||||
|
Primiparous |
3 20.5 ± 0.75 |
40.4 ± |
4.54 |
3 |
12.0 * |
4.17 |
86.7 ± 16.43 |
3 79.9 ± |
8.09 | |
|
Multiparous |
2 28.1 ± 3.61 |
68.2 ± |
17.15 |
2 |
14.6 ± |
2.50 |
195.4 ± 13.61 |
2 61.5 ± |
6.00 | |
|
Combined |
5 23.5 ± 2.22 |
51.5 t |
9.04 |
5 |
13.0 ± |
2.50 |
130.2 ± 28.44 |
5 72.6 ± |
6.60 | |
|
Pregnant (Last Day) | ||||||||||
|
Primiparous |
3 19.3 t 2.88 |
14.0 t |
9.08 |
3 |
8.3 t |
0.20 |
19.3 ± 11.39 |
3 55.3 ±10.49 | ||
|
MuItiparous |
2 27.5 t 0.60 |
43.0 t |
15.00 |
2 |
15.5 ± |
10.25 |
45.0 ± 33.01 |
2 65.0 ±23.01 | ||
|
Combined |
5 22.6 ± 2.55 |
25.6 ⅜ |
9.88 |
5 |
11.2 ± |
3.70 |
29.6 ± 13.69 |
5 59.2 ⅛ |
9.57 | |
|
*X gm/day * |
SE |
tX ml∕day |
± SE | |||||||
RESULTS
Food intake on all three diets remained relatively
stable over the last trimester of pregnancy; therefore,
only the last 5 days prior to parturition were used.
Days 2-5 prior to parturition were used to compute the
base level intake for the pregnant females, and the last
24 h of pregnancy are referred to as the last day or
Day 1. The raw daily food and fluid intake values for all
groups are presented in Table 1.
To equate all three diets, daily intake was converted
to caloric intake for certain analyses. The caloric values
of dry pellets and of high-fat mash are 3.61 kcal∕g and
5.50kcal∕g, respectively (Corbit & Stellar, 1964). The
caloric values of S% sucrose solution and of eggnog were
computed to be 0.2 kcal∕ml and 0.87 kcal∕ml,
respectively. The daily total caloric intake values for all
groups are presented in Table 2.
The elimination of intake values on the days of estrus
in the nonpregnant group resulted in a mean increase in
daily intake values of 4.14% ± 1.44%. The increase was
reliable in that the mean raw-intake values of all 10 cells
in Table 1 increased after the removal of estrus days.
An analysis of variance (ANOVA) applied to the
pregnant base level (Days 2-5) caloric intake and
nonpregnant level of caloric intake indicated that
pregnant females ingested a significantly greater number
of calories per day on all diets (F = 29.60; df= 1,27;
p<.001). When the three diets were compared, both
pregnant and nonpregnant females exhibited differences
in base level intake (F = 18.13; df = 2,27; p < .001). A
Duncan multiple range test indicated that the total daily
caloric intake was significantly greater on Diet 2
(high-fat mash and 5% sucrose) in both pregnant and
nonpregnant females than it was on Diet 3 (eggnog) or
on Diet 1 (pellets and water), but the caloric intake on
Diet 1 did not differ from that of Diet 3. Caloric intake
of multiparous females was significantly greater than
that of inexperienced females (F = 26.82; df = 1,27;
p<.001) when both pregnant (base level) and
|
Table 2 | ||||||
|
Daily Caloric |
Intake of Nonpregnant |
and Pregnant |
Female Rats on |
Three Diets | ||
|
Diet 1* |
Diet 2** |
Diet 3⅜ | ||||
|
TotalkcalZDay |
Total kcal∕Day |
Total kcal∕Day | ||||
|
Group |
N |
X ÷ SE________ |
N |
X ± SE |
_____N__ |
X ± SE |
|
Nonpregnant-Without Estrus |
5 |
58.8 ± 1.33 |
4 |
64.6 ± 6.62 |
5 |
57.3 і 1.23 |
|
Multiparous |
3 8 |
63.7 ± 1.98 60.8 ± 1.15 |
3 7 |
81.3 ± 10.28 71.7 ± 11.78 |
4 9 |
80.2 ± 1.88 67.7 ± 1.76 |
|
Pregnant (Base Level) |
3 |
74,0 ± 2,71 |
3 |
83.3 ± 21.27 |
3 |
69.5 ± 7.04 |
|
Multiparous |
2 |
101.4 ± 12.97 |
2 |
119.4 ± 11.03 |
2 |
53.5 ± 5.22 |
|
Combined |
5 |
85.0 ± 8.01 |
5 |
97.7 ± 15.03 |
5 |
63.1 ± 5.75 |
|
Pregnant (Last Day) |
3 |
69.8 ± 10.39 |
3 |
49.5 ± 2.91 |
3 |
48.1 ± 9.13 |
|
Multiparous |
2 |
99.3 ± 2.16 |
2 |
94.5 ± 62.98 |
2 |
56.6 ± 20.01 |
|
Combined |
_5 |
81.6 t 9.22 |
5 |
67.5 і 22.80 |
5 |
51.5 ± 8.32 |
“Diet 1: pellets = 3.61 к call gm
**Diet 2: high-fat diet = 5.5 kcal/gm; 5% sucrose in water = 0.2 kcal/ml
!Diet 3; eggnog = 0.87 kcal!ml