The effect of classroom diversity on tolerance and participation in England, Sweden and Germany



Table 1. Descriptive statistics

England

All

Ethnic majority

Ethnic minority

Dependent variables

mean (SD)

mean (SD)

mean (SD)

Ethnic tolerance

9.75 (2.23)

9.60 (2.12)

10.81 (2.69)

Participation

Independent variables

9.66 (1.89)

9.62 (1.86)

9.96 (2.06)

Heterogeneity (EFI)

.17 (.18)

.14 (.15)

.40 (.18)

Ethnic proportion

.13 (.18)

.09 (.12)

.39 (.28)

Immigrants’ share

.06 (.06)

.05 (.06)

.10 (.08)

Classroom status

4.40 (.53)

4.41 (.52)

4.36 (.59)

Classroom climate

9.98 (.83)

9.96 (.82)

10.13 (.86)

Social background

4.40 (1.32)

4.44 (1.31)

4.14 (1.33)

Civic competence

99.41 (18.81)

99.72 (18.81)

98.28 (18.72)

Gender (% girl)

50

50

52

Identity (% ethnic minority)

12.8

0

100

N (%)

2972 (100)

2593 (87.2)

Germany

379 (12.8)

All

Ethnic majority

Ethnic minority

Dependent variables

mean (SD)

mean (SD)

mean (SD)

Ethnic tolerance

9.18 (2.20)

9.04 (2.12)

11.29 (2.29)

Participation

Independent variables

9.63 (1.88)

9.61 (1.86)

9.87 (2.14)

Heterogeneity (EFI)

.12 (.17)

.10 (.14)

.34 (.19)

Ethnic proportion

.07 (.11)

.06 (.09)

.23 (.16)

Immigrants’ share

.19 (.16)

.18 (.15)

.31 (.19)

Classroom status

4.42 (.63)

4.44 (.62)

4.09 (.70)

Classroom climate

10.34 (.74)

10.35 (.74)

10.25 (.81)

Social background

4.42 (1.30)

4.48 (1.27)

3.47 (1.39)

Civic competence

99.03 (18.64)

99.97 (18.48)

91.63 (17.30)

Gender (% girl)

50

50

53

Identity (% ethnic minority)

5.9

0

100

N (%)

3594 (100)

3383 (94.1)

Sweden

211 (5.9)

All

Ethnic majority

Ethnic minority

Dependent variables

mean (SD)

mean (SD)

mean (SD)

Ethnic tolerance

11.00 (2.45)

10.67 (2.39)

12.50 (2.07)

Participation

Independent variables

9.82 (1.96)

9.80 (1.92)

9.95 (2.19)

Heterogeneity (EFI)

.19 (.20)

.13 (.17)

.43 (.18)

Ethnic proportion

.14 (.20)

.09 (.13)

.39 (.25)

Immigrants’ share

.12 (.15)

.09 (.10)

.28 (.22)

Class status

4.61 (.60)

4.72 (.50)

4.07 (.74)

Classroom climate

10.37 (.86)

10.37 (.83)

10.36 (.88)

Social background

4.61 (1.29)

4.80 (1.18)

3.62 (1.34)

Civic competence

99.55 (20.32)

101.89 (20.22)

87.69 (16.56)

Gender (% girl)

52

50

51

Identity (% ethnic minority)

10.6

0

100

N (%)

2669 (100)

2386 (89.4)

283 (10.6)

23



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