Design and investigation of scalable multicast recursive protocols for wired and wireless ad hoc networks

Figure 4.10 Leaving process in SReM (Case 2) ..................................................................... 71

Figure 4.11 Leaving process in SReM (Case 3) ..................................................................... 72

Figure 4.12 Tree maintenance in SReM ................................................................................. 73

Figure 4.13 Example of eBNM in SReM ............................................................................ 73

Figure 4.14 Example of rBNM in SReM................................................................................ 74

Figure 4.15 SReM Header format in Data Packet .................................................................. 74

Figure 4.16 Data packet delivery in MCM in case a new BNR created................................. 75

Figure 4.17 Data packet delivery in MCM in case no new BNR created............................... 76

Figure 4.18 Data packet delivery in MUCM in case a new BNR created.............................. 77

Figure 4.19 Data packet delivery in MUCM in case no new BNR created............................ 77

Figure 4.20 Average processing cost as a function of number of receivers per LMR ........... 86

Figure 4.21 Average delivering cost as a function of number of receivers per LMR ............ 87

Figure 4.22 Average processing cost as a function of LMRs number................................... 88

Figure 4.23 Average delivering cost as a function of LMRs number.................................... 89

Figure 4.24 Average join/leave delay cost versus the number of LMRs................................ 90

Figure 4.25 Extra packet header size as a function of group size.......................................... 93

Figure 4.26 Average header size as function of group size.................................................... 94

Figure 4.27 End to End Delay................................................................................................ 95

Figure 4.28 Normalized Routing Overhead (Load)................................................................ 96

Figure 5.1 Roaming process in (case 1)................................................................................ 106

Figure 5.2 Roaming process (case 2).................................................................................... 107

Figure 5.3 Roaming process (case 3).................................................................................... 108

Figure 5.4 BNR_UP message format.................................................................................... 109