2.3.4 Conference room.................................................................................. 12
2.3.5 Personal area networks (PANs)............................................................ 12
2.4 Routing in wireless Ad hoc network................................................................ 12
2.4.1 Unicast routing protocol....................................................................... 12
2.4.2 Proactive routing protocol.................................................................... 13
2.4.3 Reactive routing protocols ................................................................... 15
2.4.4 Hybrid routing protocol........................................................................23
2.4.5 Multicast ad hoc Routing protocol.......................................................24
2.4.6 Tree based routing protocol..................................................................25
2.4.7 Mesh based routing protocol................................................................27
2.5 Discussion ........................................................................................................ 30
2.6 Summary .......................................................................................................... 33
3. RELATED WORK.............................................................34
3.1 Introduction...................................................................................................... 34
3.2 Explicit multicast protocols.............................................................................. 35
3.2.1 Explicit multicast routing protocol (Xcast).......................................... 35
3.2.2 Explicit Multicast Extension (Xcast+) ................................................. 37
3.2.3 A REcursive UNicast TreE (REUNITE) Protocol...............................39
3.2.4 Hop By Hop Multicasting routing protocol (HBH) ............................. 40
3.2.5 Simple Explicit Multicast (SEM) Protocol .......................................... 42
3.3 Explicit Multicast in MANETs ........................................................................ 44
3.3.1 Differential Destination Multicast (DDM) Protocol............................45
3.3.2 A Scalable Multicast protocol for MANETs........................................47
3.3.3 An Explicit Multicast protocol for MANETs ...................................... 50
3.4 Discussion ........................................................................................................ 52
3.5 Summary .......................................................................................................... 54
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