Chapter 4
Figure 4.12 shows water-wet fraction of 1.0 w.% kaolinite in toluene-brine
mixture (1:1, v∕v) with 100 ppm naphthenate adding different amounts of amine
oxide DO at pH 8.3 24 hours after preparation. The two black dashed lines show
water-wet fractions of kaolinite with or without naphthenate as control, without
amine oxide added. The red dashed line shows 1:1 stoichiometry value of amine
oxide DO with 100 ppm naphthenate.
Figure 4.12 Water-wet fraction of kaolinite with 100 ppm naphthenate adding
different amount of betaine 13 at pH 8.3
Water-wet fraction of kaolinite increases from 38% to 96% when added
amine oxide DO increases from 5 ppm to 20 ppm. Then water-wet fraction of
106