Figure A2. Cardinal and Ordinal Measures of Well-Being
3.
• Happiness (World Values Survey).
■ Life Satisfaction (World Values Survey),
ɪ Satisfaction ladder (Gallup World Poll).
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ordinal well-being categories
Sources: Gallup World Poll, 2006; World Values Surveys, 1981-2004.
Notes: The horizontal axis shows each ordered well-being category; the vertical axis shows the cardinal value implicitly given to
these values by the ordered probit index, derived from an ordered probit regression on country × wave fixed effects (see figure
A1). Dashed lines show the cardinalization derived by simply treating the ordinal rankings as cardinal, and standardizing by
subtracting the mean and dividing by standard deviation. In the World Values Survey, happiness responses are coded as 1, not at
all happy; 2, not very happy; 2, quite happy; 4, very happy; life satisfaction responses are coded on 1 to 10 scale, with 10
representing most satisfied. In the Gallup World Poll, respondents are shown a picture of a ladder with ten rungs, with the top
rung (most satisfied) coded as 10.
Figures—25
More intriguing information
1. The name is absent2. The name is absent
3. The name is absent
4. 5th and 8th grade pupils’ and teachers’ perceptions of the relationships between teaching methods, classroom ethos, and positive affective attitudes towards learning mathematics in Japan
5. THE EFFECT OF MARKETING COOPERATIVES ON COST-REDUCING PROCESS INNOVATION ACTIVITY
6. The name is absent
7. Delivering job search services in rural labour markets: the role of ICT
8. Place of Work and Place of Residence: Informal Hiring Networks and Labor Market Outcomes
9. Secondary school teachers’ attitudes towards and beliefs about ability grouping
10. The name is absent