Table 16.4. External attributes of case study villages. Y=yes, N=no, L=limited, M=moderate, H=abundant,
intense or highly applicable; nd=no data available.
|
Marine sasi |
Sasi being revived |
No sasi | ||||
|
EXTERNAL ATTRIBUTES |
Nolloth |
Haruku |
Tuhaha |
Hulaliu |
Seri |
Hutumuri |
|
Minimal in- and out-migration |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
|
Tourism |
N |
L |
N |
N |
N |
N |
|
Village involved in national |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Y |
|
Mining exploration Factory pollution in inshore waters |
N N |
Y |
N N |
N N |
N N |
N |
|
Active interaction with provincial and |
N |
N |
N |
N |
N |
N |
16.3 Comparative Analysis of Institutional Arrangements for Fisheries
Management
Every village is subject to national fisheries law, but because of poor communication from the
national level, few villagers are aware of the content of these laws. For instance, the national
regulation on the mesh size of lift nets is universally ignored. Many village leaders at least
profess to support the ban on blast fishing and use of poisons, although only in Haruku and
Nolloth are there written village regulations. Other types of formal and informal fisheries
rules are mostly found in the sasi villages. Sasi institutions in every case are said to have the
aim of protecting resources, but in three out of four cases, a key aspect of the institution is
provision of resource rents to the government. Only in Haruku are catches directly shared
out among community members (Table 16.5).
The church plays a role in supporting compliance to fisheries rules in Nolloth. In Nolloth,
Haruku, Tuhaha and Hulaliu, the church controls village sasi on coconuts. In Seri, individuals
may also ask the church to put sasi on individual trees or gardens.
Hutumuri, in particular, is totally open access, the only “rule” being in the form of a desire to
collect fees from lift nets, in the absence of a collection mechanism. Management in Seri is
similarly largely restricted to the collection of access fees from outsiders wishing to use nets
or deploy lift nets and FADs in Seri waters. Tuhaha is unique in having areas of marine
territory that are auctioned out and then patrolled and harvested by the auction winner.
Depending on sasi status and proximity to a police station, enforcement is carried out by the
kewang, village government, police or some combination. In no case is there proactive
patrolling of village territories by police, navy or the Fisheries Agency, nor is there interaction
with outside agencies with respect to fisheries management. Fisheries management is also
never a major issue, largely because, with the exception of a few leaders in sasi villages who
have been exposed to NGO ideas, villagers do not know what fisheries management might
entail.
216 An Institutional Analysis of Sasi Laut in Maluku, Indonesia