16.4 Comparison of Profiles and Job Satisfaction Among Fishers
16.4.1 Profile of fishers
The age of the respondents in Haruku and Tuhaha was significantly higher than in Seri
(ANOVA and Duncan’s test, p<0.05). As a result, Seri fishers had the least experience in fishing,
i.e., 19 years, compared to averages of 25-34 years in other villages (Table 16.6).
There are significant differences among the six villages in the percentage of catch eaten and
also in the proportion of income derived from fishing. Nolloth fishers eat significantly less of
their fish than fishers in Tuhaha, Hulaliu and Haruku (Duncan’s test, p<0.05), and also gain the
largest percentage of their income from fishing (Table 16.2). Hulaliu fishers get significantly
less of their income from fish compared to fishers in Tuhaha and Nolloth (Duncan’s test, p<0.05).
Table 16.6. Fishers’ profile in case study villages.
|
Fishers’ profile |
Nolloth |
Haruku |
Tuhaha |
Hulaliu |
Seri |
Hutumuri |
|
Average years of education |
6.2 |
7.1 |
7.2 |
7.6 |
7.1 |
7.2 |
|
Average age |
47 |
50 |
53 |
47 |
42 |
47 |
|
Average years of experience in fishery |
27 |
30 |
34 |
25 |
19 |
28 |
|
Average hours/day fishing |
8.6 |
7.9 |
9.6 |
5.8 |
7.9 |
7.2 |
|
% of all recorded lift net owners |
0% |
0% |
21% |
21% |
8% |
50% |
|
% catch eaten |
13% |
26% |
23% |
26% |
22% |
21% |
Table 16.7. Percentage of fishers targeting inshore reef fish, offshore pelagic fish or both, in each village.
|
Target species |
Nolloth |
Haruku |
Tuhaha |
Hulaliu |
Seri |
Hutumuri |
|
Reef fish only |
7% |
13% |
3% |
33% |
24% |
47% |
|
Pelagic fish only |
60% |
43% |
40% |
10% |
55% |
40% |
|
Both reef and pelagic fish |
33% |
43% |
57% |
57% |
21% |
17% |
Most villages target the same set of species (see Appendix 3). In Nolloth, 60% of fishers target
exclusively pelagic fish, while only 7% target only reef fish (Table 16.7). In Seri, a similar number
targets pelagic fish, but a relatively large number of fishers (24%) targets reef fishes exclusively.
This is possibly correlated with the relatively good state of the reefs in Southern Ambon.
Fishers in Nolloth and Tuhaha fished significantly (Duncan’s test, p=0.03) longer hours per
day compared to those in Hulaliu. Hutumuri fishers also fished significantly less than Tuhaha
fishers. Nolloth and Tuhaha are highly dependent on the fishery. Hulaliu, in contrast, has
productive lands and is agriculture-oriented. In both Nolloth and Haruku, there has been a
shift from farming to fishing due to increasing fish prices and the reduced price for cloves.
16.4.2 Economic status
On the overall economic score, Hutumuri scores significantly higher than Nolloth and Haruku,
the sasi villages (Duncan’s test, p=0.05). The differences among the other villages are not
statistically significant. Also if we consider accommodation, the sasi villages have poorer
housing. Housing in Ambon is relatively good. The best housing is in Hulaliu (land-rich) and
Seri (fish-rich). More fishers in Hulaliu and Haruku have an external income compared to
those in Seri (Duncan’s test, p<0.05). However, the average amount of money annually
transferred to Hulaliu and Haruku is relatively low (Table 16.8).
218 An Institutional Analysis of Sasi Laut in Maluku, Indonesia