The Response of Ethiopian Grain Markets to Liberalization

Table 12

Independent variables "	Market
Independent variables "	Addis¹ Bako²	Addis¹ Bahir Dar²	Dire Dawa¹ Addis²	Dire Dawa¹Bako²	Dire Dawa¹ Bahir Dar²	Dire Dawa¹Hosaenna²	Addis¹ Hosaenna²	Mekele¹ Addis²
Constant	-16.03	-4.97	52.38^c	81.23^a	47.41	9.60	-42.78^b	80.12^b
April	1.95	-11.24	2.46	2.46	-8.78	-8.41	-10.87	21.50^c
May	-6.22	12.23	-11.11	-1.78	1.12	-4.70	6.41	21.90^c
Jun	-13.33^b	9.18	-9.09	-1.83	0.09	-9.82	-0.73	36.51^a
July	-8.10	8.37	-7.21	6.54	1.16	-4.29	2.92	35.80^a
Aug	-5.20	8.13	-1.37	19.63	6.76	2.39	3.76	15.05
Sept	-5.70	7.63	-23.30^c	0.83	-15.67	-10.50	12.80	29.26^c
Oct	-14.02	18.87	-33.54^a	-12.68	-14.67	-14.54	19.00	11.68
Nov	-6.70	-2.50	-7.41	1.53	-9.91	-1.00	6.41	18.49
Dec	5.12	-18.86^b	-9.99	-1.36	-28.85^b	0.98	10.97	12.43
Jan	11.92^c	0.14	17.93^c	29.52^b	18.07	22.99^c	5.06	-8.50
Feb	7.08	-8.57	3.74	10.99	-4.83	8.97	5.23	11.69
Dlib12	-0.89	-17.16^a	-4.58	-7.94	-21.74^b	-30.01^a	-25.43^a	-48.36^a
RF¹	-0.10^a	-0.10^a	-0.03	-0.03	-0.03	-0.03	-0.10^a	-0.33^a
RF²	0.06a	0.05	0.10^a	0.06^a	0.05	0.06	0.06	0.10^a
FAID¹	-0.000518^b	-0.000518^b	-0.000166	-0.000166	-0.000166	-0.000166	-0.000518^b	-0.000148^b
FAID²	-0.002	0.000606	0.000518^b	-0.002	0.000606	-0.009156	0.009156	0.000518^b
P¹ ^p t-1	0.80^a	0.80^a	0.65^a	0.65^a	0.65^a	0.65^a	0.80^a	0.69^a
P² ^p t-1________________	-0.89^a	-0.62^a	-0.80^a	-0.89^a	-0.62^a	-0.37^a	-0.37^a	-0.80^a

Note: a, b, and c indicate statistical significance at a probability of less than 1%, 5% and 10% respectively.

SURE estimates of the effects of seasonality, grain market liberalization, rainfall and food aid on white
teff price spreads based on the assumption of weak market integration (1984:10 to 1993:12)

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The Response of Ethiopian Grain Markets to Liberalization

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