Table 3: Determinants of academic performance: IV estimates
|
Independent variable |
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
(5) |
|
Lectures attended |
0.148 |
0.125 |
0.038 |
0.148 |
0.065 |
|
( 2.095) |
( 1.719) |
( 0.515) |
( 2.049) |
( 0.873) | |
|
High school grade |
0.187 |
0.198 | |||
|
( 4.802) |
( 5.050) | ||||
|
Grade point average |
0.233 |
0.223 | |||
|
( 4.279) |
( 4.109) | ||||
|
Exams per annum |
1.239 |
1.190 | |||
|
( 3.015) |
( 2.873) | ||||
|
Calculus |
3.973 |
3.449 | |||
|
( 3.809) |
( 3.321) | ||||
|
Hours of study |
0.169 |
0.139 | |||
|
( 2.306) |
( 1.905) | ||||
|
Subject evaluation |
0.077 |
0.067 | |||
|
( 2.125) |
( 1.878) | ||||
|
Teacher evaluation |
0.142 |
0.156 | |||
|
( 3.710) |
( 4.143) | ||||
|
Year of registration |
-3.125 |
-2.787 |
-3.039 |
-2.643 | |
|
( -4.264) |
( -3.782) |
( -4.200) |
( -3.655) | ||
|
Female |
0.579 |
-0.833 |
0.067 |
-1.328 | |
|
( 0.695) |
( -0.998) |
( 0.079) |
( -1.582) | ||
|
Foreign language |
-3.439 |
-4.152 |
-4.233 |
-5.033 | |
|
( -1.517) |
( -1.824) |
( -1.885) |
( -2.218) | ||
|
Away from home |
-4.135 |
-3.654 |
-4.861 |
-4.439 | |
|
( -2.527) |
( -2.186) |
( -2.965) |
( -2.654) | ||
|
Adjusted R2 |
0.249 |
0.275 |
0.300 |
0.279 |
0.308 |
|
Endogeneity test |
0.724 |
0.239 |
0.270 |
0.763 |
0.014 |
|
(p-value) |
( 0.395) |
( 0.625) |
( 0.604) |
( 0.382) |
( 0.905) |
|
Ov. restr. test |
18.109 |
12.116 |
7.956 |
111.131 |
5.838 |
|
(p-value) |
( 0.000) |
( 0.002) |
( 0.019) |
( 0.000) |
( 0.054) |
Note: Dependent variable: test score. t-statistics reported in brackets (robust
standard errors). Number of observations: 2913. All specifications include time
fixed effects. Models (2) to (5) also include dummy variables for high school type,
education and occupation for both father and mother, and province of residence.
See section 3 for details on the definition and construction of regressors.
Instruments for lectures attended : travel time, work, web.
24
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