The Effects of Attendance on Academic Performance: Panel Data Evidence for Introductory Microeconomics



Table 4: Determinants of academic performance: panel estimates

Independent variable

F.E.

R.E. (1)

R.E. (2)

R.E. (3)

Lectures attended

0.039

0.082

0.082

0.070

( 2.158)

( 5.184)

( 5.160)

( 4.446)

High school grade

0.210

( 4.754)

Grade point average

0.221

( 3.419)

Exams per annum

1.280

( 2.680)

Calculus

3.339

( 2.688)

Hours of study

0.166

( 1.916)

Subject evaluation

0.066

( 1.525)

Teacher evaluation

0.154

( 3.456)

Year of registration

-3.308

-2.620

( -4.047)

( -3.291)

Female

0.474

-1.577

( 0.466)

( -1.563)

Foreign language

-2.964

-4.676

( -1.145)

( -1.875)

Away from home

-4.087

-4.380

( -2.109)

( -2.346)

Adjusted R2

0.292

0.257

0.288

0.322

Note: Dependent variable: test score. t-statistics reported in brackets (robust
standard errors). Number of observations: 2913. All specifications include time
fixed effects. Models R.E.(2-3) also include dummy variables for high school type,
education and occupation for both father and mother, and province of residence.
Breusch-Pagan LM test statistic (OLS against RE(3)): 85.9 (p-value: 0.00).
Hausman test statistic (RE(3) against FE): 29.28 (p-value: 0.01). See section 3
for details on the definition and construction of regressors.

25



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