Modelling the health related benefits of environmental policies - a CGE analysis for the eu countries with gem-e3



APPENDIX

Table A.3(continued):

Air pollution damages and the impact of air pollution on working days

Marginal
Damage
(ECU/
person/unit of
ambient
concentration)

Cases per 103
active persons
per unit of
ambient
concentration

Working days
lost per case

Working days
lost per 103
active persons
per unit of
ambient
concentration

PM25_____________________

_________28.34

_______________________________________108.29

Chronic and acute mortality_________

________20.97

Acute morbidity___________________

__________3.90

105.75

Respiratory hospital admissions

0.01

0.002

8.50

0.16

Congestive heart failure

0.03

Cerebro-Vascular hospital admissions

0.06

0.006

40.50

1.80

Restricted activity days

3.16

22.18

0.50

88.70

Bronchodilator usage

- asthmatic children

0.03

- asthmatic adults

0.26

5.03

0.18

7.15

Cough

- asthmatic children

0.05

- asthmatic adults

0.26

5.17

0.18

7.36

Wheeze

- asthmatic children

0.01

- asthmatic adults_________________

__________0.02

___________1.87

0.04

__________0.57

Chronic morbidity_________________

__________3.47

__________________________________________2.54

Chronic bronchitis

- adults

3.17

0.02

15.43

2.54

- children

0.12

Chronic cough in children___________

__________0.18

Оз___________________________

__________3.91

_________________________________________18.16

Acute mortality_____________________

__________0.86

Acute morbidity___________________

__________3.05

18.16

Respiratory hospital admissions

0.01

0.01

8.50

0.32

Minor restricted activity days

0.58

10.31

0.20

16.25

Change in asthma attacks

0.01

0.20

1

1.59

Symptom days__________________

___________2.45

_________43.56

_____________0

__________0.00

Source: ExternE (1996, 1998, 2000) and own assumptions

A.2. Decomposition of the damage

For the calibration of the GEM-E3 model the total damage of the air pollutants needs to
be decomposed further into 5 components: (i) the time costs borne by the production
sectors, (ii) the time costs borne by the consumers, (iii) the non-separable health costs of
the consumers, (iv) the separable costs for the consumers and (v) the medical costs paid
by the government. This decomposition is presented in Table A.4.

Computation of the time cost

The last three columns of Table A.3 summarise the calculation of the impact of air
pollution on working days. This is done for the morbidity impacts only. It is assumed
that the working population accounts for 66% of the total population. We also assume
that on average a restricted activity day (RAD) leads to a loss of 0.5 working days per
case. For the other morbidity effects the number of lost working days is obtained as
follows:

working days lost per case for event n =

0.5 * (cost of illness of event n) / (cost of illness of RAD)



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