APPENDIX
A.1. Computation of the health related damage
To illustrate how the health related damages in Table 1 are derived, we look at the case
of ozone (O3). From the ExternE study we know that the dose-response functions for O3
are as follows:
Table A.1: Dose-response relationship for tropospheric ozone
|
Impact category |
Receptor |
Exposure- |
|
Acute mortality________________ |
Entire population________________ |
________0.059% |
|
Morbidity - Respiratory hospital - Minor restricted activity days - Asthma attacks - Symptom days_____________ |
Entire population Adults (80% of population) Asthmatics (3.5% of population) Entire population________________ |
3.54 10-6 9.76 10-3 4.29 10-3 ___________0.033 |
Source: ExternE (1996, 1998, 2000)
a The exposure response slope has units of cases∕(year-person-μg∕m3) except for mortality which
is expressed as percentage increase per μg∕m3.
The dose-response functions are converted into cases/(year-person-6h ppb) by
multiplying them by 2. The dose-response functions for morbidity are then all expressed
in cases/(year-1000persons-6h ppb) for the entire population taking into account the
receptor share in total population. The dose-response function for acute mortality is
expressed in the same units by using the assumption that the baseline mortality rate is
0.99%. The resulting exposure-response slopes are combined with the damage values
from ExternE in order to obtain the total health related marginal damage per person.
Table A.2: Derivation of the health related marginal damage - O3 concentrations
|
Impact category |
Exposure-response |
Damage |
Marginal damage |
|
Acute mortality_______ |
_______________0.01 |
73500 |
______________0.86 |
|
Morbidity - Respiratory hospital |
0.01 |
1600 |
3.05 0.01 |
|
- Minor restricted |
15.62 |
37.1 |
0.58 |
|
activity days - Asthma attacks |
0.30 |
33.5 |
0.01 |
|
- Symptom days______ |
____________66 |
_______________37.1 |
______________2.45 |
|
Total health related damage____________ |
3.91 | ||
|
Source: own calculations |
based on ExternE (1995-2000) | ||
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