24
In terms of policy evaluation, one might conclude that using damage costs as
derived by ExternE without considering the feedback effects, can give a good
approximation of a policy impact, as these effects are negligible. However, before
reaching such a conclusion, it is important to note that our findings clearly depend on
the ExternE figures and other assumptions that we made for modelling the feedback
effects. All of these are subject to uncertainty. This is the case for example, for the
transport and chemical transformation processes of pollutants, the dose-response
relationships and the valuation of the health effects. In addition, the mortality impact
remains separable, except for the associated medical expenditure. However, we would
expect the feedback on the economy from a decrease of the mortality rate linked to local
pollution to be small as it mainly benefits non-active people. Moreover, the framework
developed here for the morbidity effect is not appropriate for mortality, for which it
might be difficult to translate the total MWTP as derived from stated preference studies
in terms of consumption, leisure or available time. Finally, we would like to point out
that our conclusions are dependent on the institutional setting in Europe.
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