Meat Slaughter and Processing Plants’ Traceability Levels Evidence From Iowa

X9

Branded product

Dummy variable which takes value of 1 for the corresponding
category and 0 otherwise. Categories could be constructed based
on the share of branded products within total annual sales.

X10

Plant ownership

Dummy variable which takes value of 1 for the corresponding
category and 0 otherwise. Categories could be constructed based
on the type of ownership such as if it is independently owned and
operated or a branch of corporate company, etc.

X11

Contracting supplier

Dummy variable which takes value of 1 for the corresponding
category and 0 otherwise. Categories could be constructed based
on the percentage of inputs (live animal/fresh meat) procured
using forward contracting or marketing agreements versus
cash/spot market.

X12

Contracting customer

Dummy variable which takes value of 1 for the corresponding
category and 0 otherwise. Categories could be constructed based
on the percentage of sales made using forward contracting or
marketing agreements versus cash/spot market.

X13

Customer type

Dummy variable which takes value of 1 for the corresponding
category and 0 otherwise. Categories could be constructed based
on the percentage of sales coming from restaurants, retailers,
wholesalers, etc.

X14

Food safety efforts

Dummy variable which takes value of 1 if plant does tests over
and above than what is required in Pathogen Reduction/HACCP
Rule.

X15

Product riskiness

Dummy variable which takes value of 1 for the corresponding
category and 0 otherwise. Categories could be constructed based
on the percentages of meat products with differing food safety risk
within the total annual production.

X16

Insurance

Dummy variable which takes value of 1 if plant carry insurance
against product recalls and 0 otherwise.

X17

Quality assurances by
plant

Dummy variable which takes value of 1 if plant has a quality
assurance system (such as QSA, PVP, ISO 9000, etc.) in place and
0 otherwise.

X18

Quality assurances by
supplier

Dummy variable which takes value of 1 if plant’s suppliers have a
quality assurance system (such as QSA, PVP, ISO 9000, etc.) in
place and 0 otherwise.___________________________________________