Towards a framework for critical citizenship education



fields of “critical thinking” and “critical pedagogy” and identifies elements that go beyond
the former in order to contribute towards an analytical framework for critical pedagogy in
citizenship education.

Critical Thinking

While conceptions of critical thinking in the literature tend to be based around the
application of logic and being able to reach ‘sound’ conclusions (Doddington 2008, p.
109), there is disagreement within the field as to the extent to which critical thinking can
go deeper, potentially developing a moralistic (focusing on values) or ideological (focusing
on power) concern in students. Giroux (1994) argues that a moral orientation is entirely
missing from most conceptions of critical thinking, and this is echoed by Lipman (2003)
who suggests that with regard to his three ‘categories of thinking’ (critical, creative and
caring), critical thinking is a ‘theoretic science’, entirely separate from the emotional,
‘moral’ category of ‘caring thinking’. Moon (2008, p. 56), however, holds that critical
thinking that involves metacognitive activity (thinking about one’s thinking) or that
concerns critical thinking ‘as a way of being’ is ‘deeper’ than thinking that concerns skills
and processes only. Martin (1992) goes further in arguing that critical thinking
is founded
in moral perspectives and
should be motivated by concerns for a more just and humane
world but is clearly in the minority within the field of critical thinking (Burbules and Berk
1999).

The scope of critical thinking for becoming more than just “thinking” is also
disputed. Barnett (1997) argues that it must include ‘disciplinary competence’
(knowledge); ‘critical self-reflection’ (metacognition) and ‘critical action’, but the call for
critical action does not reflect the position of most critical thinkers, as it transgresses into
the domain of critical pedagogy rather than the typically more apolitical critical thinking.



More intriguing information

1. Smith and Rawls Share a Room
2. The name is absent
3. The name is absent
4. The name is absent
5. The name is absent
6. AN EXPLORATION OF THE NEED FOR AND COST OF SELECTED TRADE FACILITATION MEASURES IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC IN THE CONTEXT OF THE WTO NEGOTIATIONS
7. Experience, Innovation and Productivity - Empirical Evidence from Italy's Slowdown
8. The name is absent
9. The name is absent
10. The name is absent
11. Family, social security and social insurance: General remarks and the present discussion in Germany as a case study
12. New issues in Indian macro policy.
13. Word Sense Disambiguation by Web Mining for Word Co-occurrence Probabilities
14. MULTIMODAL SEMIOTICS OF SPIRITUAL EXPERIENCES: REPRESENTING BELIEFS, METAPHORS, AND ACTIONS
15. The Folklore of Sorting Algorithms
16. The name is absent
17. Confusion and Reinforcement Learning in Experimental Public Goods Games
18. Cancer-related electronic support groups as navigation-aids: Overcoming geographic barriers
19. The name is absent
20. The fundamental determinants of financial integration in the European Union