The name is absent



We recognise this as a second-order polynomial of the form dX2 + eX + f = 0,
where

X = n1l

d= 1,

e = 2n2m and

f = (n2m)2 - n1n2m lnaL τ - c1x2L τ - lnaH τ + c1x2H τ ,
which has two roots X of the form

X=


-e - √e2 - 4df
2d


Substituting for d, e and f , and keeping only the positive root of the polynomial,
we obtain the farmers’ optimal lobbying effort:

l=


-n2m


1

H—
n1


nn∙2m,m (lna- cιxLτ - lnант + cιx2Hτ)


(37)


Similarly, from equation (34) we obtain:


n2n1l lna- c2x2 - lna+ x2 = (n1l + n2m)2 ,


(38)


of which the positive real root gives us:


m=


-n1 l
П2


1

+--

n2


2П11 (ln ан τ - C2x2H τ - ln a + c2xL τ)


(39)


We note that l andm are dependent on each other. By noticing, from equations
(36) and (38), that

l ln ан τ


- c2χH τ


- ln aLτ + c2x2Lτ^ = m (ln a


- cixL τ - ln ан τ + cixH τ


and by substituting back into equations (37) and (39), we can express the
respective optmimal lobbying effort of farmers and ‘greens’, l
* and m* as

l* =   nɪn (lna- cιx2Lτ - lna+ cιxτ)2 (lna- C2X2Hτ - lna+ C2X2Lτ)

[(ln a- cιX2Lτ - ln a+ cιX2Hτ) + n (lna- C2X2H τ - ln a+ c2xLτ)]2

(40)

and

m* =  nɪn (ln a- C1X2Lτ - ln a+ C1X2lτ) (ln a- C2X21 τ - ln a+ C2X2Lτ)2

[(ln a- CiX2Lτ - lna+ cιxτ) + n2 (ln a- c2x2Hτ - lna+ c2xLτ)]2

(41)

In the following section, we use these results to study the impact of the
lobbying efforts on the optimal tax policy derived in section 3.6 and depicted
in section 3.8.

20



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