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Appendix B2: Hierarchical Job Structure Within Firms

Civil servant

(including judges and professional soldiers)

1-lower level

2-middle level

3-upper level

4-executive level


General Ranking for all occupations

Lower rank (B.C. 1 & 2, W.C. 2 and C.S. 1)

Middle rank (B.C. 3 , W.C. 3 and C.S. 2)

Upper rank (B.C. 4, W.C. 4 and C.S. 3)

Executive rank (B.C. 5, W.C. 5 and C.S. 4)


The possible answers to the question about the individual’s current position are given below:

Blue-collar worker:

White-collar worker:

1-unskilled worker

2-semi-skilled worker

3-skilled worker

4-foreman

5-master craftsman, foreman

1-industry and works foreman in non tenured employment
2-employee with simple duties (e.g., salesperson, clerk)
3-employee with qualified duties (e.g., bookkeeper,
technical drawer)

4-employee with highly qualified duties (e.g., scientific ,
worker, attorney, head of department)

5-employee with managerial duties (e.g., managing
director, head of a large firm or concern)

Note that the first subcategory in the white-collar case is non tenured foreman. This category is not
easily comparable to any of the subcategories of the other occupations. I therefore excluded workers
reporting in that category.

Other possible answers not considered in the analysis here are:

Trainee        Self-employed

(including family members)

1-student trainee  1-self-employed farmer

2-trainee          2-self-employed academic

3-other s-e persons with or without up to 9 employees

4-other s-e persons with 10 or more employees

5-family member helping out

Self-employed workers have been excluded from the sample and individuals reporting they were trainees
without mentioning any occupations (blue-collar, white-collar or civil servant) have also been excluded
since there is no way to categorize them within the hierarchical job structure implied by the other three
occupations. Trainees that also reported being in one of the occupations below were retained.

Finally, no individuals (observations) switched occupations when switching ranks over the sample pe-
riod. This is an important point for the identification of the rank coefficients in the estimation of the
Gibbons and Waldman model. Table B2.1 below presents average characteristics by job changes.

37



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