Conservation Payments, Liquidity Constraints and Off-Farm Labor: Impact of the Grain for Green Program on Rural Households in China



45

Table 8. Program impact on off-farm and farm jobs, treatment indicator interacted with
quartile dummies of education and age, 1999 and 2004.

Education                      Age

(1) off-farm

(2) farm

(3) off-farm

(4) farm

least education (dummy) x

0.026

-0.170

treatment x year2004

(0.36)

(2.08)**

second least education (dummy)

0.147

-0.085

x treatment x year2004

(2.00)**

(1.09)

second most education

0.235

-0.117

(dummy) x treatment x year2004

(3.03)***

(1.48)

most education (dummy) x

0.216

-0.061

treatment x year2004

youngest age group (dummy) x

(2.54)**

(0.71)

0.374

-0.095

treatment x year2004

(4.46)***

(1.20)

second youngest age group

0.189

-0.096

(dummy) x treatment x year2004

(2.46)**

(1.19)

second oldest age group

0.153

-0.082

(dummy) x treatment x year2004

(2.01)**

(0.99)

oldest age group (dummy) x

-0.134

-0.266

treatment x year2004
age in 2002

-0.006

-0.000

(2.32)**

(3.03)***

(7.40)***

(0.01)

education in 2002

0.013

-0.006

(4.22)***

(1.92)*

treatment

-0.044

0.002

-0.037

0.012

(0.88)

(0.04)

(0.74)

(0.22)

year 2004 dummy

0.050

0.096

0.032

0.107

(0.88)

(1.50)

(0.57)

(1.64)

year 2004 * Yangtze basin

0.062

-0.052

0.092

-0.049

(1.96)**

(1.44)

(2.78)***

(1.36)

household size

0.010

-0.012

0.012

-0.011

(1.70)*

(1.85)*

(2.00)**

(1.75)*

total land holdings

-0.001

-0.000

-0.001

-0.000

(0.89)

(0.22)

(0.87)

(0.32)

individual had (1)(2) off-farm work

0.733

0.733

0.736

0.723

(3)(4) on-farm work in 1999 (1,0)

(24.87)***

(28.13)***

(24.66)***

(27.11)***

Observations

1,928

1,930

1,924

1,926

Absolute value of z-statistics in parentheses.

* significant at 10 percent level; ** at 5 percent; *** at 1 percent level



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