Job quality and labour market performance

Job quality and labour market performance | 13

Indicators on atypical working hours do not show specific inequalities between men and women
concerning work at weekends. Nevertheless, men are more affected by night work than are
women. In the EU27, almost 10% of men declare that they usually work at night whereas only
5.4% of women do so.

Finally, data on training participation indicate that European women have better access to
training than men. In spite of very large differences in national total participation rates across
Europe (from 1.3% in Romania and Bulgaria to 32.4% in Sweden), on average 10.6% of
European women received training in 2007 compared to only 8.8% of men.

These comparisons show that men and women are not affected in the same way by job quality
problems. Comparisons on wages and work contracts indicate that European women are
disadvantaged in terms of socio-economic security compared to men. Figures about part-time
work confirm that lower levels of socio-economic security are probably linked to problems of
conciliation between working and family life that particularly affect women. However,
according to the indicators on ‘atypical hours of work’, women do not seem to be disadvantaged
and they also get better access to training on average.

4.3 Do high initial education levels ensure against low quality jobs?

The indicators of job quality used so far are not always broken down by levels of initial
education. Wages and participation in training are given directly by Eurostat and in addition we
are able to calculate the proportion of temporary contracts and part-time contracts.

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