The name is absent

APPENDIX 4

Summary of in-depth studies

Table 1 HCHHHU Characteristics

Item	What was the total number of participants in the study (the actual sample)?	Problems experienced by individuals in the sample
De Paul and Arruabarrena (2003) Evaluation of a treatment program for abusive and high-risk families in Spain	133 families containing 289 children Hispanic	• Unemployment • Anti-social behaviour • Low education level (parents) • Child abuse∕neglect • Poor health outcomes • Substance misuse • Mental health problems • Family breakdown • Socio-economic deprivation
		• Other (social isolation, marital discord, conflict with relatives)

Describe the characteristics
of the 'multiple generations’
in detail

"CPS referred 107 families (80.5%) to the treatment program because of the
substantiation of child maltreatment, 42 cases of physical neglect (39.3%), 22 cases
of parental failure to control the child’s behaviour (20.6%), 16 cases of physical abuse
(14.9%), and 11 cases of emotional abuse or neglect (10.3%). CPS referred 26 other
families (19.5%) to treatment because they were thought highly likely to maltreatment
their children in the near future.” (p 419)

"The children participating in the program ranged from infancy to 18 years old. At the
beginning of the treatment, 85.1 (N=246) of the children were living at home with their
parents, 10.1% (N=32) were in residential care, 0.3% (N=1) were living with a foster
family, 2.8% (N=8) were with relatives, and 0.6% (N=2) were with other people.” (p 420)

34.8% of families were totally dependant on social welfare, and 9.8% partially
dependant; 81.3% of mothers and 82.4% of fathers had only a primary school education;
18.5% of mothers and 34.8% of fathers abused alcohol; 9.7% of mothers and 14.1% of
fathers abused drugs.

(For additional details, see Table 1, p 421)

44 Interventions for HCHHHU: technical report