Table 4.3. Exports plus imports as share of GDP
|
c. 1655 |
c. 1720 c. 1755 c |
. 1790 |
1820 |
1830 |
1840 |
1850 |
1860 |
1870 | |
|
Austria |
11.4% |
14.2% |
13.2% |
18.7% |
29.0% | ||||
|
Belgium |
19.0% |
26.7% |
31.3% |
35.6% | |||||
|
Denmark |
7.5% |
17.5% |
27.5% |
36.5% |
29.7% |
35.7% | |||
|
Finland |
20.7% |
31.7% | |||||||
|
France |
5.5% 14% |
20% |
9.8% |
8.2% |
10.7% |
13.0% |
20.2% |
23.6% | |
|
Germany |
19.2% |
23.2% |
36.8% | ||||||
|
Greece |
42.7% |
45.6% | |||||||
|
Hungary |
19.4% | ||||||||
|
Italy |
16.1% |
18.3% | |||||||
|
Netherlands |
85% |
82% 84% |
110% |
33.0% |
25.8% |
53.4% |
64.0% |
96.4% |
115.4% |
|
Norway |
33.9% | ||||||||
|
Portugal |
42.4% |
33.9% |
33.7% | ||||||
|
Spain |
16% |
6.0% |
7.3% |
11.2% |
11.7% | ||||
|
Sweden |
5.7% |
6.8% |
13.8% |
20.0% |
29.4% | ||||
|
UK |
19% 20% |
24% |
21.4% |
18.8% |
25.2% |
27.8% |
41.8% |
43.6% | |
|
Best guess at total European trade |
13.4% |
11.4% |
15.4% |
18.0% |
24.9% |
29.9% | |||
|
Idem, net of intra-European trade |
3.8% |
6.3% |
8.9% |
9.2% |
Notes: Ottoman Empire, Albania, Bulgaria, Rumania and Serbia are not included in total Europe. “UK”
pre-1800 is just England and Wales.
Sources: Post-1800: Bairoch (1976), and data underlying Prados de la Escosura (2000). Pre-1800: Deane
and Cole (1962 (1969)), Davis (1969, 1979), Officer (2001), Crafts (1985), Maddison (2001), de Vries and
van der Woude (1997), McCusker (1978), Arnould (1791), Daudin (2005), Marczewski (1961), Prados
de la Escosura (1993).
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