Table of Contents
Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................................... 2
Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... 4
Résumé..........................................................................................................................................................4
Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 5
List of Charts and Tables ............................................................................................................................ 15
I. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 18
A. Motivation .......................................................................................................................................... 18
B. Structure of the Report .......................................................................................................................20
II. The Importance of Educational Attainment ...........................................................................................21
A. Educational Attainment and Labour Market Outcomes.....................................................................21
i. Unemployment Rates .......................................................................................................................21
ii. Participation Rates ......................................................................................................................... 22
iii. Employment Rates .........................................................................................................................23
B. Educational Attainment, Income and Productivity.............................................................................24
i. Evidence from the Census ................................................................................................................ 25
ii. Evidence from the Literature .......................................................................................................... 26
C. Educational Attainment and Other Indicators of Well-Being ............................................................27
i. Poverty ............................................................................................................................................. 27
ii. Crime ..............................................................................................................................................28
iii. Births/ Family Structure ................................................................................................................ 29
iv. Health ............................................................................................................................................. 30
v. Impact of Early Education Programs .............................................................................................31
III. A Portrait of Aboriginal Canadians ......................................................................................................33
A. Characteristics of the Aboriginal Population .....................................................................................33
B. The Educational Attainment of Aboriginal Canadians.......................................................................37
i. Situation in 2001 .............................................................................................................................. 37
ii. Change in the 1996 to 2001 period ................................................................................................41
iii. On-Reserve/Off-reserve Aboriginal Educational Attainment ........................................................ 42
C. The Income of Aboriginal Canadians.................................................................................................42
i. Situation in 2001 .............................................................................................................................. 43
ii. Change in the 1996 to 2001 Period ................................................................................................ 45
iii. On-Reserve/Off-reserve Aboriginal Income .................................................................................. 46
D. Labour Force Participation of Aboriginal Canadians.........................................................................47
i. Situation in 2001 .............................................................................................................................. 47
ii. Change in the 1996-2001 Period .................................................................................................... 49
iii. On-Reserve/Off-reserve Aboriginal Labour Market Participation ...............................................50
E. Unemployment Rates of Aboriginal Canadians .................................................................................51
i. Situation in 2001 .............................................................................................................................. 51
ii. Change in the 1996-2001 Period .................................................................................................... 52
iii. On-Reserve/Off-reserve Aboriginal Unemployment Rates ............................................................ 53
F. Employment Rates of Aboriginal Canadians......................................................................................53
i. Situation in 2001 .............................................................................................................................. 53
ii. Change in the 1996 to 2001 Period ................................................................................................ 54