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Table of Contents

Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................................... 2

Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... 4

Résumé..........................................................................................................................................................4

Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 5

List of Charts and Tables ............................................................................................................................ 15

I. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 18

A. Motivation .......................................................................................................................................... 18

B. Structure of the Report .......................................................................................................................20

II. The Importance of Educational Attainment ...........................................................................................21

A. Educational Attainment and Labour Market Outcomes.....................................................................21

i. Unemployment Rates .......................................................................................................................21

ii. Participation Rates ......................................................................................................................... 22

iii. Employment Rates .........................................................................................................................23

B. Educational Attainment, Income and Productivity.............................................................................24

i. Evidence from the Census ................................................................................................................ 25

ii. Evidence from the Literature .......................................................................................................... 26

C. Educational Attainment and Other Indicators of Well-Being ............................................................27

i. Poverty ............................................................................................................................................. 27

ii. Crime ..............................................................................................................................................28

iii. Births/ Family Structure ................................................................................................................ 29

iv. Health ............................................................................................................................................. 30

v. Impact of Early Education Programs .............................................................................................31

III. A Portrait of Aboriginal Canadians ......................................................................................................33

A. Characteristics of the Aboriginal Population .....................................................................................33

B. The Educational Attainment of Aboriginal Canadians.......................................................................37

i. Situation in 2001 .............................................................................................................................. 37

ii. Change in the 1996 to 2001 period ................................................................................................41

iii. On-Reserve/Off-reserve Aboriginal Educational Attainment ........................................................ 42

C. The Income of Aboriginal Canadians.................................................................................................42

i. Situation in 2001 .............................................................................................................................. 43

ii. Change in the 1996 to 2001 Period ................................................................................................ 45

iii. On-Reserve/Off-reserve Aboriginal Income .................................................................................. 46

D. Labour Force Participation of Aboriginal Canadians.........................................................................47

i. Situation in 2001 .............................................................................................................................. 47

ii. Change in the 1996-2001 Period .................................................................................................... 49

iii. On-Reserve/Off-reserve Aboriginal Labour Market Participation ...............................................50

E. Unemployment Rates of Aboriginal Canadians .................................................................................51

i. Situation in 2001 .............................................................................................................................. 51

ii. Change in the 1996-2001 Period .................................................................................................... 52

iii. On-Reserve/Off-reserve Aboriginal Unemployment Rates ............................................................ 53

F. Employment Rates of Aboriginal Canadians......................................................................................53

i. Situation in 2001 .............................................................................................................................. 53

ii. Change in the 1996 to 2001 Period ................................................................................................ 54

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