Table 3 - Migrants networks and FDI - Italy
Dependent variable: |
______Outward FDI_____ |
________________________________Inward FDI________________________________ | ||||||||||
Static models |
Dynamic model |
Static models |
Dynamic model | |||||||||
Explanatory variables |
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
Model 5 |
Model 6 |
Model 7 |
Model 8 |
Model 9 |
Model 10 |
Model 11 |
Model 12 |
l_TGDP |
1,944 *** |
1,194 *** |
0,876 *** |
0,590 ** |
1,154*** |
0,075 |
2,181 *** |
1,550 *** |
1,160 *** |
0,417 |
0,693 * |
0,210* |
(0,271) |
(0,207) |
(0,249) |
(0,275) |
(0,306) |
(0,086) |
(0,263) |
(0,237) |
(0,298) |
(0,319) |
(0,362) |
(0,118) | |
l_sq_GDPDIFF |
-0,299 *** |
0,040 |
0,004 |
0,001 |
-0,044 |
-0,005 |
-0,392 *** |
-0,150 *** |
-0,112 * |
-0,082 |
-0,098 |
-0,016 |
(0,060) |
(0,049) |
(0,053) |
(0,053) |
(0,052) |
(0,014) |
(0,060) |
(0,057) |
(0,064) |
(0,062) |
(0,063) |
(0,019) | |
l_PCGDPDIFF |
-0,028 |
0,032 |
0,023 |
0,011 |
0,003 |
-0,005 |
0,266 *** |
0,243 *** |
0,270 *** |
0,262 *** |
0,253 *** |
0,015 |
(0,031) |
(0,023) |
(0,028) |
(0,030) |
(0,031) |
(0,008) |
(0,030) |
(0,026) |
(0,034) |
(0,033) |
(0,035) |
(0,012) | |
l_DIST |
-0,290 *** |
-0,166 ** |
-0,179 * |
-0,253 ** |
-0,327 *** |
-0,058 * |
-0,121 |
-0,011 |
-0,008 |
-0,078 |
-0,123 |
-0,025 |
(0,096) |
(0,072) |
(0,101) |
(0,103) |
(0,103) |
(0,031) |
(0,098) |
(0,086) |
(0,126) |
(0,123) |
(0,127) |
(0,044) | |
l_OPENNESS |
-0,532 *** |
0,361 ** |
-0,038 |
-0,300 |
0,023 |
0,069 |
-0,324 * |
0,296 * |
0,130 |
0,049 |
0,139 |
0,019 |
(0,186) |
(0,148) |
(0,193) |
(0,206) |
(0,221) |
(0,061) |
(0,188) |
(0,174) |
(0,233) |
(0,237) |
(0,266) |
(0,086) | |
DUMMYEU15 |
0,808 *** |
1,052 *** |
0,909 *** |
0,763 *** |
0,784 *** |
-0,040 |
0,974 *** |
1,173 *** |
1,255 *** |
0,927 *** |
0,969 *** |
0,143* |
(0,243) |
(0,182) |
(0,212) |
(0,223) |
(0,218) |
(0,059) |
(0,238) |
(0,209) |
(0,252) |
(0,255) |
(0,257) |
(0,082) | |
Dummyoecd |
-0,028 |
0,831 *** |
1,150 *** |
1,304 *** |
5,977 *** |
0,564 |
-0,665 ** |
0,067 |
0,317 |
0,281 |
2,793 * |
0,983 * |
(0,266) |
(0,205) |
(0,250) |
(0,260) |
(1,220) |
(0,383) |
(0,274) |
(0,249) |
(0,322) |
(0,323) |
(1,593) |
(0,566) | |
Chrisshare |
0,256 |
-1,255 *** |
-0,823 *** |
-0,668 *** |
-0,798 *** |
0,020 |
0,211 |
-0,964 *** |
-1,024 *** |
-1,061 *** |
-1,163 *** |
-0,171 |
(0,255) |
(0,209) |
(0,245) |
(0,253) |
(0,246) |
(0,072) |
(0,258) |
(0,251) |
(0,306) |
(0,301) |
(0,311) |
(0,106) | |
GOVERNANCE |
0,462 ** |
-0,387 ** |
-0,213 |
-0,261 |
-0,182 |
0,015 |
1,121 *** |
0,415 ** |
0,238 |
0,182 |
0,231 |
0,077 |
(0,210) |
(0,164) |
(0,201) |
(0,207) |
(0,207) |
(0,059) |
(0,201) |
(0,187) |
(0,246) |
(0,246) |
(0,248) |
(0,084) | |
l_EMIGRANTS |
0,647 *** |
0,520 *** |
0,510 *** |
0,457 *** |
0,474 *** |
0,533 *** | ||||||
(0,036) |
(0,044) |
(0,046) |
(0,042) |
(0,053) |
(0,053) | |||||||
LEMIGRANTSJOECD |
0,418*** |
-0,007 |
0,526 *** |
0,048 ** | ||||||||
(0,057) |
(0,017) |
(0,065) |
(0,024) | |||||||||
LEMIGRANTSJNONOECD |
0,682 *** |
0,055 ** |
0,598 *** |
0,043 | ||||||||
(0,063) |
(0,022) |
(0,081) |
(0,030) | |||||||||
ljIMMIGRANTS |
0,014 |
0,074 | ||||||||||
(0,079) |
(0,095) | |||||||||||
Llowskilledjmmi |
-0,081 |
-0,016 |
0,032 |
-0,545 *** |
-0,556 *** |
0,008 | ||||||
(0,120) |
(0,124) |
(0,036) |
(0,137) |
(0,146) |
(0,052) | |||||||
Lskilledjmmi |
0,154 |
0,821 *** | ||||||||||
(0,130) |
(0,154) | |||||||||||
Lskilledjmmloecd |
-0,013 |
0,026 |
0,711 *** |
-0,065 | ||||||||
(0,144) |
(0,041) |
(0,175) |
(0,064) | |||||||||
Lskilledjmmlnonoecd |
0,373 ** |
0,020 |
0,993 *** |
0,084 | ||||||||
(0,158) |
(0,047) |
(0,195) |
(0,072) | |||||||||
Time dummies |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
const |
-7,657 * |
-15,529 *** |
-7,430 * |
-1,797 |
-12,708*** |
-0,801 |
-13,022*** |
-16,978 *** |
-12,248 *** |
-2,416 |
-7,613 |
-2,712 |
(4,263) |
(3,218) |
(3,856) |
(4,267) |
(4,894) |
(1,350) |
(4,124) |
(3,623) |
(4,511) |
(4,802) |
(5,808) |
(1,843) | |
Adjusted R2 Number of observations |
0,553 |
0,750 |
0,751 274 |
0,757 |
0,773 |
0,985 225 |
0,749 |
0,808 |
0,832 |
0,850 |
0,850 |
0,987 215 |
Notes: *** 1%, ** 5%, * 10% significant level; heteroskedasticity robust standard errors are in the parentheses.
The variable l_PCGDPDIFF is the positive difference (zero otherwise) between the sending and the receiving country.
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