The name is absent



Skal menneskelig adfærd opfattes socialt, er dette ikke altid en hensigtsmæssig
konstruktion, idet 0konomiske agenter som oftest
learn and innovate and that
the institutions and conventions which shape economic actions evolve through
time
, Chick & Dow (2001:709). Som i tilfældet med Adam Smith hos Backhou-
se (1998) vil vores forstâelse af forskellige begreber og sammenhænge være
tids- og stedspecifikke. Dermed er viden i en vis forstand en social konstrukti-
on, jf. Lawson (1997) og hans term
situated rationality.8 Forestillingen er her
den, at de enkelte agenter træffer beslutninger i en given kontekst bestemt af
deres sociale og 0konomiske position i samfundet. Det hensigtsmæssige i et sâ-
dant set up er, at det synes at repræsentere virkeligheden ganske godt og i hvert
tilfælde bedre end en traditionel atomistisk tilgang, hvor det 0konomiske sy-
stem er en aggregering af dets enkelte uafhængige dele, argumenterer Chick &
Dow.
9 If0lge dem b0r man snarere betragte 0konomi som et âbent organisk (el-
ler biologisk) system med interdependens mellem systemets mange delelemen-
ter og med en væsentlig institutionel og adfærdsmæssig forandring over tiden.
Og i denne deres forstâelse af de 0konomiske processer mener de at være i god
overensstemmelse med Keynes’ grundsyn pâ 0konomi, hvor netop en mangel
pâ perfekt viden til en usikkerhed fremtid betinger agenternes om ikke daglige
sâ dog jævnlige koordineringsproblemer, nâr de hver for sig 0nsker at imple-
mentere deres 0konomiske planer pâ den bedst mulige mâde.
10 Netop derfor tog
Keynes afstand fra den atomistiske neoklassiske tankegang i sit angreb pâ den
daværende mainstream 0konomisk tænkning med
The General Theory i 1936.

8 Om menneskelig rationalitet skriver Lawson (1997:120-21): Not only are individuals’ choices
of action conditioned by the situated options which they perceive, but also the individuals them-
selves, their expressions of their needs and motives, the manner in which their capacities and
capabilities have been moulded, their values and interests are conditioned by the context of
their birth and development ... while there can be no doubting the skilful, capable and knowle-
deable - in short rational - manner in which people usually act, the concept of rationality im-
plicated in all this is a far cry from the ever calculating, ranking, optimiser of standard eco-
nomic theory ...
[et mere korrekt billede af den 0konomiske virkelighed er derfor] one of a
process in motion, of dynamic, structure, and agency inter-dependency
.

9 Jf. Chick & Dow (2001:710): What is rational for the entrepreneur may not be rational for the
worker, for example, and conflicts between different interest groups are thus not evidence of
the irrationality of either side
.

10 Jf. Ogsâ Chick (1998:1863): Human interaction is obviously important in economics. The un-
expected consequences of individual actions were demonstrated forcefully by Keynes, in the
paradox of thrift, the idea of liquidity, and the interdependence offirms
.

11



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