Om Økonomi, matematik og videnskabelighed - et bud på provokation



miske fagdisciplin nu ogsâ kunne (og burde) formaliseras, sâdan som tilfældet
var; jf. eksempelvis den heterodokse 0konomiske tankegang.
2

At 0konomi som fag betragtet er kvalitativ, er f.eks. klart tilkendegivet af John
Maynard Keynes. I slutningen af 1930’erne forholdt han sig kritisk til Jan Tin-
bergens f0rste 0konometriske arbejder. Af en brevveksling med Rod Harrod
herom i 1938 udtrykte Keynes Utvetydigt sin opfattelse: ”
. economics being a
moral science ... it deals with introspection and with values .. it deals with mo-
tives, expectations, psychological uncertainties ... economics is a science of
thinking in terms of models . which are relevant to the contemporary world .
because, unlike the natural science, the material to which it is applied is . not
homogeneous though time
”, Olesen (1991:135).3

Keynes’ skeptiske holdning til brug af 0konometri til trods anbefalede han dog
Tinbergen at gâ videre med sit pionerarbejde. At udtrykke sin skepsis er sâledes
ikke n0dvendigvis det samme som en klar afstandtagen til det, der kritiseres.
Snarere er det en pâmindelse om n0dvendigheden af fortsat fordybelse og kri-
tisk refleksion, ligesom det kan være udtryk for en metodologisk pluralisme,
som tillader flere veje at f0re til videnskabelig erkendelse. Nogle fænomener
inden for 0konomi lader sig mâle og veje; andre ikke. En ensidig anvendelse af
den naturvidenskabelige forskningsapproach har derfor sin helt naturlige be-
grænsning inden for samfundsvidenskaberne. Herom har Joan Robinson (1976:
26) skrevet f0lgende: ”
Without the possibility of controlled experiment, we have
to rely on interpretation of evidence, and interpretation involves judgement; we
can never get a knock-down answer
”.4 Ogsâ Robinson ser derfor med skepsis pâ
den megen matematik, if0lge Davidson (1991:23) skulle hun sâledes herom

2 For en kort indf0ring i denne tankegang kan der henvises til Landreth & Colander (1994),
kapitlerne 12-14.

3 En kritik gâende ud pâ, at Keynes ikke skulle være i besiddelse af den n0dvendige forstâelse
for matematiske og statistiske metoder, synes ganske ubegrundet Keynes’
A Treatise on
Probability
fra 1921 taget i betragtning.

4 Efterf0lgende strammes synspunktet, p. 28, hos Robinson op: ”. lacking the experimental
method, economists are not strictly enough compelled to reducere metaphysical concepts to
falsifiable terms and cannot compel each other to agree as to what has been falsified. So
economists limps along with one foot in untested hypotheses and the other in untestable slo-
gans. Here our task is to sort out as best we may this mixture of ideology and science”.



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