The name is absent

with India. (6) Each "mixed blood" community developed
separately. They were usually unaware of their own
community's total size and ethnicity because of inadequate
communication and transport.

By 1595, the Dutch had arrived and were followed by the
English who established a factory in 1612 in Surat. The
Danish East India Company operated from 1616 in Tranquebar
in south India. The French acquired Pondicherry in south-
east India in 1674. (7)

This territorial expansion and the wealth in India
eventually led to the conquest of its people. The Dutch,
French, Danes and English attempted to convert the Indians
to Christianity. (8) Some of the European empire builders
became settlers. The descendants of European men and
Indian women are the Anglo-Indians. In this thesis,
therefore, the definition in the Constitution of India is
used to describe all descendants of European men and Indian
women as Anglo-Indians. (9)

The Anglo side of the Anglo-Indian community can be traced
on the paternal line of descent to Armenia, England,
France, Germany, Holland, Italy, Ireland, Portugal,
Scotland, Spain and Wales. The Indian maternal line of
descent can be traced to women from all parts of the Indian
sub-continent - the present states of Bharat (the Republic
of India), Pakistan and Bangladesh. In this thesis, the
subcontinent is, for historical purposes, called India.

The earliest Anglo-Indian missionary schools were an
accidental by-product of the temporal expansionist
policies of the European traders and the spiritual
ambitions of European missionaries. Both traders and
missionaries were seeking power in the Indian subcontinent.
The first schools reflected the need the traders had for a
work force which understood a European language and

48

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