5th and 8th grade pupils’ and teachers’ perceptions of the relationships between teaching methods, classroom ethos, and positive affective attitudes towards learning mathematics in Japan

238

Table 7.3.3: Pupils’ perceptions of affective attitudes promoted by teaching methods

according	о hie	her and lower means of classroom ethos
			Enjoyment	Motivation	Senseofsecurity	Sense of progress	Deployment
Satisfaction	5'^h	P<.01	PW, - C, RT, TE, IW, IH, WD, GD	PW₁RTJE₁ IW₁IH₁WD₁ GD	PW, RT, TE, IW, IH, WD, GD	PW₁RTJE₁ IW₁IH₁WD₁GD	PW₁TE IW₁WD₁ GD
	5'^h	Other		UC	UC	UC	UC₁RT₁IH
	8^th	p<,01	UCRTJE₁ IW, IH, WD	UC,RT,TE, IW, IH, WD ,GD	PW, RT,TE, IW, IH, WD,GD	PW₁UC₁RT₁ TE₁IW₁IH₁ WD₁ GD________	PW₁UC₁RT₁IH₁WD₁GD
	8^th	Other	PW₁GD	PW	UC		TE₁IW ~
Cohesiveness	5‘h	p<.01	PW,RT,TE, WD, GD__	PW,RT, TE, IH, WD, GD	PW,RT, TE, IW, IH, WD₁ GD	PW₁RTJE₁ IW₁WD₁ GD	PW₁UC₁RT₁ TE₁ IH₁WD₁ GD
	5‘h	Other	UC₁IW₁IH	UC₁IW________	UC_________	UC₁IH__________	IW
	8^,h	p<.01	PW, RT, TE,IH WD₁GD_______	PW,RT, TE₁IW₁ IH₁WD₁GD	PW,RT,TE, IW₁IH₁WD₁ GD	PW₁ RTJE₁IW₁ IH₁WD₁ GD	PW₁RT₁TE₁ IH₁ WD₁ GD
	8^,h	Other	UC₁IW	UC	UC	UC	UC₁IW_______
Difficulty	5^lh	p<.01	PW,RT,TE, IW,WD,GD	^: '.-~.~Ξ. IW₁WD₁GD	PW₁RTJE₁ IW₁WD₁GD	PW₁RTJE. IW₁IH₁WD₁ GD_________	RT₁TE₁IW₁WD
	5^lh	Other	UC₁IH	UC₁IH	UC₁IH	UC	PW₁UC₁IH₁ GD~
	8^ttl	p<.01	RT₁TE₁IW________	RT₁TE₁IW	RT₁TE₁IW	RT₁TE₁IW	RT. TE₁IW
	8^ttl	Other	PW₁UC₁ IH₁WD₁ GD	PW₁UC₁ IH₁WD₁ GD	PW₁UC₁ IH₁WD₁ GD	PW₁UC₁ IH₁WD₁GD	PW₁UC₁ IH₁WD₁ GD
Friction	5^th	p<,01	RTJE₁WD₁GD	TE₁WD₁GD	WD₁GD	UC₁ RT.TE₁ WD₁GD
	5^th	Other	PW₁UC₁ IW₁IH_____________	PW₁UC₁RT₁ IW₁IH___________	PW₁ UC₁RT₁TE₁ IW₁IH___________	PW₁IW₁IH	PW₁UC₁RTJE₁ IW₁IH₁ WD₁ GD
	8^th	p<.01					TE__________
	8^th	Other	PW₁UC₁RT₁TE₁ IW₁IH₁WD₁ GD	PW₁UC₁RT₁TE₁ IW₁IH₁WD₁ GD	PW₁UC₁RT₁TE₁ IW₁IH₁ WD₁ GD	PW₁UC₁RTJE₁ IW₁IH₁WD₁ GD	PW₁UC₁RT₁ IW₁IH₁WD₁ GD
Competitiveness	5^lh	p<.01	UC	UC₁	UC₁IW₁	UC₁IW	UC₁IW₁IH
	5^lh	Other	PW₁RT₁TE₁ IW₁IH₁ WD₁ GD	PW₁RTJE₁ IW₁IH₁ WD₁ GD	PW₁RT₁TE₁ IH₁WD₁GD	PW₁RT₁TE₁ IH₁WD₁ GD	PW₁RT₁TE₁ WD₁GD
	8^lh	p<.01		TE, IW₁IH	RTJE₁IW₁IH	RT₁ TE, IH	UC₁IH__________
	8^lh	Other	PW₁UC₁RT₁TE₁ IW₁IH₁ WD₁ GD	PW₁UC₁RT₁ WD₁ GD	PW₁UC₁WD₁GD	PW₁UC₁ IW₁WD₁GD	PW₁RT₁TE₁ IW₁WD₁GD

NB. Teaching methods in bold are those where there were significant differences
between the groups. The teaching methods in red are those where students with lower
scores of factors perceive more frequent deployment and more positive affective
attitudes. Full details see Appendices 7.3.1-7.3.10.

Teachers’ perceptions

Teachers were asked about their attempts to improve ethos in mathematics classes,
using five-point rating scales, 5 for always and 1 for never:

• to what extent they attempted to improve their pupils’ satisfaction;

• to what extent they attempted to improve their pupils’ cohesiveness;

• to what extent they attempted to reduce pupils’ difficulty.

• how often they noticed friction between pupils,

238

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