regarding migration. This seems also to be opposing to the industrial migration pattern where
people moved from places with retarding labour markets to places with increasing ones.
Even with regard to the career “studies” population size (POP) has the same impact as for
employment and und unemployment. A large local labour market hamper out-migration to and
from studies and small ones stimulate out-migration. This is not surprising as college and
university towns in general are localized in large local labour markets and people often settle
down in the university towns after finished studies.
On the other hand, the branch width (BRW) stimulates out-migration both to and from studies.
The explanation is probably that university towns have a diversified labour market and
students have high migration intensities. That the share of highly educated people (EDHIGH)
is positively significant with regard to in-migration to and from studies is not surprising -
university towns have a high share of highly educated people in the labour force. Even after
finished studies many people move to areas with a high share of highly educated people.
Regarding industrial or post-industrial migration pattern migratory movements with respect to
studies are neither nor. Students have naturally moved to places where the study possibilities
exist and this is still valid even if distance education has increased during the past decades.
The income level (INC) has - when it shows any significant signs - a negative impact on in-
migration and a positive on out-migration. Regarding net-migration, the same phenomena can
be observed in the sense that the income variable shows negative signs. This can perhaps be
explained by the fact that high-income areas also are high-cost areas. Another explanation to
this - according to the theory deviating result - is that there is something wrong with the
income per capita is a measure of the income level in the region. That people who are
unemployed or outside the labour force react in that way is, however, not surprising and is
also in accordance with the theory pauperisation and marginalizing of people. This
phenomenon has also been observed in the big city areas in Sweden during the 90s (Amcoff,
2000, Johansson, 2000b, 2001).
Even if the impact of economic fluctuations on migration has been reduced - or even
disappeared - there are still some reminiscences of the industrial migration pattern. This is
even more obvious when we take a look at differing categories of movers or different
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