Migration and employment status during the turbulent nineties in Sweden

Excluding total in- and out-migration, this results in 16 different “careers” that are more or
less labour market related.

The “explanatory” variables (X) in the in-migration and out-migration regions respectively
are:

POP: size of the population

EDHIGH: the portion with at least 3 years of university-level education

EDLOW: the portion with at most two-years of post-compulsory education

LOCTURN: local turnover, the portion that moves between 21 different sectors in a local
labour market during the year

EMP: the relative change in employment

AGE: the portion of the population aged 20-29 years

BRW: branch width, the number of different branches on ISIC 5-digit level that are
represented on the local labour market

INC: per capita income from gainful employment, sickness insurance, etc. (not unemployment
insurance)

KNOWINT: the portion of employed in “knowledge-intensive” industries

OUTMIG: out-migration intensity, total for ages 16-64 years (used as a measure of turnover in
connection with in-migration)

INMIG: in-migration intensity, total for ages 16-64 years (used as a measure of turnover in
connection with out-migration)

In-migrants from various labour market “careers”

In-migration from work: The region’s education level is of great significance - the higher the
education levels (EDHIGH) the greater the in-migration. An expected correlation is found
even with regard to employment development (EMP) - i.e. the better the employment
situation the greater is the in-migration of persons who already have a job. The age structure
(AGE) is also of high importance: the younger the population, the stronger the in-migration.
The branch width (BRW) has no significance with the exception of 1991, when in fact a
negative relationship was found. The income level (INC) reveals an unexpected negative
relationship for the years 1991 and 1993. However, this is not as paradoxical as it may seem -
many of the regions, which have proportionally high in-migration, have relatively low per
capita incomes. An effect of the same phenomenon is that for certain years - 1993 and 1996 -

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