Spatial Characteristics
New campus area lies in the north of the city, in the slopes of Çeneda* between 200
m. and 460 m. Elevations. The maximum rate of flow of A* ao* lu stream is 16 m3∕s that
passes trough the campus area. It dries up in the summer because its whole capacity is used
for irrigation during this time. A* ao* lu stream excavated its bed to a depth given the
morphology a deep valley characters and divides in to two parts. Only 17 ha. Of the area is
productive and soil thickness is good for agriculture. The north of the area is exposed to
Northwest and west winds all the year. Other directions are exposed to east winds.
The earthquake took place in August 17th brought about great disaster due to lower
quality and densely urbanisation. For this reason, after the earthquake, geological
investigations became an obligatory step for planning and construction purposes. Thus more
reliable approaches are now available for these purposes.
In this study, geological mapping of the campus area was carried out, satellite images
were evaluated, engineering parameters of soil and rock determined both in-situ and
laboratory tests, inclination mapping was carried out and groundwater level determined by
means of borehole data.
Geology
The oldest unit, which outcrops in the campus area, is Palaeozoic aged C* narl* dere
Formation (Dc) Figure 1. The unit that is composed of shale, slate, and limestone outcrops in
Caltarla Tepe, Kabakoz Tepe and Duman S* rt* . The unit represents the transition zone
from terrestrial environment to shallow water environment. * zmit Formation overlies this
unit uncomformably. * zmit formation is composed of Ayval* dere Conglomerate Member
(Tria) and Dikenlitepe Sandstone Member (TRid) both of which outcrops in the area.
Ayval* dere Conglomerate Member is composed of gravel cemented by sand particles. It is
laterally intercalated with Dikenlitepe Sandstone Member, which is composed of interbeded
sandstone and mudstone. Campanien-Lütetian aged Akveren Formation (Ktak) is composed
of clayey limestone, marl and sandstone. Limestone is observed as plate shaped cracks. The
youngest unit in the campus area is Atba* * Formation, which is yellow-brown coloured and
is composed of claystone and sandstone.