INDEX

Battle [Sussex], borough, 105 n 6
Baurgs (Gothic), city, ɪ n
Bede, 6 and n ɪ

Bedford, 35, 45 n I, 104 , fee farm,
178 9, 263 n 2

Bedwm, [Wilts], 55

Below, G von, Landgemeinde theory
of origin of the town, 13

Berniscnst, cloth for shirts, ion 4
Berwick [co Berwick], liber burgus,
201 , mayor and council, 276 ,
gild merchant, 280

Best beast, 85.

Beverley [Yorks], 106, granted
Iibertiesof York, 214-16 , mayor,
291 n 4 , keepers (governors),
326 , common council, 326 ,
parliamentary, but not taxation
borough, 357 n 2

Billeting, royal, 345

Bookland, ɪɪ and n 5, 104
Bordars, cottagers, 68-9, 86 7
Borgh, tithing, 67, 292 и 4
Borhbrece, 40 n 3 See Peace, king's
Borough, origins, 1-29 , early centre
of trade, 27-30. See Port and
Trade, community, 115-29,
221-56; pop 1066, 129, royal,
30-1, 140-1, 343 , seιgnorιal,
197-201, 206-10, 350-3 ; pre-
scriptive, 51, 55, 64 ; parlia-
mentary, 357-8 , taxation, 357
n 2 , south-western, 51 , media-
tized, 140-1, 143, 149, 154-5,
162 n i, 178 n 2 , land, 17
n 5, 89, see Byngland ; law,
see Burhnht, legal customs,
207 , liberties, 48 and nn 2-3,
342-5 , measure, 40, 42-3 ,
peace, 119. See Peace, king’s,
moot, 231 n 1, 304, 322, 352-3;
as shire, 44, 331, 352. See
Court, Folkmoot, Hundred, Hus-
tιng, Judges, Lawmen, Witan ,
Seniores, senatores, 124 Other
bodies and officers under separ-
ate headings, farm See Firma
Burgi, finance See Camera and
Provostry , liberties (outside
walls), 48 n 3, 70, 73-4 , vacant
places, 129 See Borgh, Parishes
and Wards , tenement ιor-2
See also Burg, Burgage, Bur-
gesses, Commune, Communitas,
French boroughs in England,
Liber burgus and Liberum bur-
gagιum See also Bailiffs, Cham-
berlains, Coroners, Mayors, Re-
corder and Reeves.

Bourgage, 104

Bourgs and Cités in France, 3

Bradmnch [Devon], 99 n ɪ, granted
burgage, 215

Brady, R , on the antiquity of close
corporations, 302

Brecon, gild merchant, 349

Breteuil [France, Eure], law of, 206,
215, 350-2

Brewers See Brugeld

Bridgenorth [Salop], 24 n 1, burgess
lease of farm, 174-5

Bndgwater [Somerset], liber burgus,
197, 199. 202 . gild merchant,
210, 242

Bndport [Dorset], 18 n 7, 55 , fee
farm and election of reeves, 192 ,
liber burgus, 201 , jurats, 204

Bristol, hundred, 46 и ɪ , gable, ɪɪɪ
and n i , socage, 218 , com-
munιtas, 244 , mayor, 291 n 4,
298, 331 , early council, 330 ,
common council, 331 , made a
shire, 331 , recorder, 331

Bromley, Abbots [Staffs], 200 I, 209
Brugeld, brugavel, etc , 97 and n 2.
Bruton [Somerset], 50 и 3, 51, 53
я 4> 54 ^κ 3. 55. ⁶5

Buckingham, 16-18, 24, 68 9, 89, 92 ,
judιces of (ι 130), 287 n 3

Burford [Oxon ], 353

Burg, burh, fortress, king's house,
Roman city, borough, manor,
6 ; king’s house as judicial
centre, 36 ; court ?, 34 , new
burhs of Danish wars, 15-26,
manor, 67.

— bot, 12, 26 , — wealles sceatιng,
20, 26 , — gemot, 32-3, 38-40,
54 я 5, 6o

In Germany, 3, 21

In Low Countries, 3, 5, 135-6

Burgage, meanings of, 99 n 7, 106-7,
214-15.

tenure by, in England, 93, 96-108,
133-4, 195 6, 206-12, 218-20, 262,
343. 35^o^2. 354-5 , ɪn Normandy,
108-12. See Liberum burgagιum.

Burgahty, inferior limit of, 206-7,
353^5 $^{ee a}^^s0 Addenda

Burgesses, A -S , definition of, 68-70 ;
in 1086, 88-9 , personal service,
82-5 ; custom, 86-96 , belong-
ing to rural manors, 92-3, cf. 26
n 3 , majores et minores, 243 ;
" of the town,” 249 n. 2 ; con-
trasted with Communitas, 243

Burghal Hidage, the, 15-19, 24,
35

INDEX

Burgherιst[h], ’ a " third penny,” 61
n 5

Burhnht, 40, 42-3

Burhthegns See London
Burhwitan, 31, 42, 82, 300.
Burton-on-Trent, Iiben burgenses,
199-200

Bury, Adam, 310

Bury St Edmunds, 115 n 4 ; no
community, 238

Byngland, borough land, 46, 47 и ɪ,
cf 88-9

C

Cade, William, 169, 171.

Caen [France, Calvados], early
bourgs of, 108-11 , gablum
(gabelle), 109-12 ; Consuetudines,
109-10 , no sale without leave,
and no devise, in

Caerwys [co Flint], liber burgus,
203, 208, 210

Calne [Wilts], 51, 55, 91

Calveal (’ Calvellus) See Canter-
bury

Cam, Miss H , on A -S trade with
Francia, 10 и 4 , Manenum
cum Hundredo, 50 n 6 , on the
origins of Cambridge, 132

Cambridge, origins, 131-2 , hundred,
45 и I ; double fields, 71 , land-
gable and hawgable, 8 и 8, 91,
115 n. 4 , Ely suits at, 41-2 ,
an A -S "liberty,” 42 , lawmen,
43 , Irish traders at, 10 и 4 ,
thegns’ gild, 80, 82 , wards, 60
n 3 , C in 1066, 77 , lease of
farm, 160, 175-8 , early council,
277 , single common council,
336 , double election, 335-6

Camelford [Cornwall], 209

Camera, borough treasury, 125 9,225,
234

Canterbury, walls, 3 и 2 , market,
3 и 2, 6, 9 , portweoran, 9 , land
grants to Holy Trinity (Ch Ch )
and St Augustines, 7-9, ιx-12,
72, Curnngtun, 8-9, trade,
11-12 ; fields and woods, 9 ,
Cnihtengild and chapmengιld,
12, 119-22 , St Gregory’s gild,
120, mints, 28 , hundred, 45
n I, 49 , king’s sokemen, 89 ,
landgable, 91, 128-9 , portreeve
(Calveal), x20-2 , farm, 149-50,
156, borghs (Iateraldermannes),
292 n 4 , common council, 327,
329-3°∙

Cardiff, 98 n. 8.

Carlisle, 7, 158.

Carlow [Ireland], 202 nn 3, 4.

Castle-guard, 4, 26 и ɪ

Census, gable, rent, no , ’ farm, 143,
148, 153

Chadwick, Prof H M , on the
Burghal Hidage, 16, 17 , accepts
" garrison theory,” 26 n ɪ ,
on district borough courts, 32,
35. 36-8. ʒɑ-ɪ

Chamberlains, 234 n 1,250,2581» ι,
319-20, 324, 335

Channel Islands, jurats, 294 n 2

Chedglow, Cheggislawe hundred
[Wilts], 53 and n 3

Cheese, exported to Flanders, 118

Chesney, Will de, aiderman of
Oxford, 226-7

Chester, 24, 256 n 3 , judιces, 44 ,
82 , danegeld, 77 n ɪ , hun-
dred, 44-5, 48 и 3 _r early
sheriff, 44, 352 , courts, 44, 345 ,
judιcatores, 287 n 3, 288 n 2,
300 , citizens lιberι custumarιι,
134 n 3 , boroughland and
thegnland, 88 9 , rights of kin,
lox , trade, 117 , farm, 143-4,
153 , mediatized, 149, gild
merchant, 232 , twenty-four
senιoιes, 301 , common council,
327

Chesterfield [co Derby], liber burgus,
i97'⁸

Chichester, 50 и ɪ , farm, 152,
184

Christchurch [Hants], 57. See
Twynham

Churchesinearlyboroughs, 55-6, 115,
130 See Parishes

Cmque Ports, 49 и 3, 117, 125-7, 147,
barons, 259-62 , jurats, 261-2 ,
283 n I, 293-4 > their judicial
functions, 300-1 , Shepway
court, 262 , Brodhull assembly,
262.

Clare [Suffolk] ,A-S market at, 66
n. I

Cleeve [Somerset], 61 n 5.

Chfton-On-Teme [co Wore ], herιot
and relief, 99 и ɪ , liber burgus,
201 , court, 354

Cnihtengilds, 12, 81, 119-22

Cnihts, 12, 81, 119-22

Cnut, king, 37 (bis), 39, 60, 118-19

Colby, C W, on the growth of
oligarchy in English towns, 302

Colchester, hundred, 45 n ι, 48 ,
liberty, 48 n 3, 70, 73-4 , arable,

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