424
GLOSSARY
Colmeiro, Hisloria de la Economia Politica de Espana. Madrid, 1863.
2 vols.
Covarrubias, Tesoro de la Lengua Castellana. Madrid, 1611.
Dozy and Engelmann, Glossaire des mots espagnols . . . dêrivts de l'Arabe.
Paris, 1869.
Gallardo, Renias Reales. Madrid, 1820. 8 vols.
Jordana, Algunas Voces Forestales. Madrid, 1900.
Llorente, Noticias HistSricas de las Provincias Vascongadas. Madrid,
1807. 5 vols. Vol. ii, pp. 133-183: “ Tributes antiguos de Castilla.”
Lopez de Ayala, Contribuciones S Impuestos en LeSn y Castilla durante la
Edad Media. Madrid, 1896.
Munoz y Romero, Del Estado de las Personas en Ios Reinos de Asturias y
LeSn en Ios primeras siglos posleriores d la Invasion de Ios Arabes. 2d ed.
Madrid, 1883.
Piemas y Hurtado, Tratado de Hacienda Pûblica. Madrid, 1900-01.
2 vols.
Ripia, Renias Reales. Madrid, 1796. 6 vols.
Saez, Monedas de Enrique III. Madrid, 1796.
Idem, Monedas de Enrique IV. Madrid, 1805.
Urena and Bonilla, Fuero de Usagre. Madrid, 1907. Valuable glossary
in appendix.
Yanguas, Diccionario de Antigiiedades de Navarra. Pamplona, 1840-43.
4 vols.
Aduanilla: a toll on migrants levied at Badajoz in the eighteenth cen-
tury. Arch. Mesta, Prov. iv, 26 (1758).
Albala, alvala : Originallyandusuallymeantataxreceipt; in the twelfth
century it was applied to a customs district; and occasionally, after about
1415, it meant a fee collected when a customs or toll receipt was issued.
Dozy, p. 63; Yanguas, i, pp. 25-26, 151 ; iii, p. 421; Espana Sagrada, xlix,
P∙ 331∙
Almojarifazgo: an ad valorem duty collected at the gates of some Anda-
lusian towns upon in- or out-bound goods. The usual rates were five per
cent on imports and two and a half per cent on exports. Originally exacted
by the Moorish kings, it became the property of Christian royalty, but in
various towns it was transferred to the local authorities during the later
Middle Ages. Partida 2, tit. 9, ley 25, and Part. 7, tit. 14, ley 7, and tit.
10, ley 5; Nueva Recop., lib. 9, tit. 24; Llorente, ii, p. 139; Ordenanqas de
la Real Audiencia de Sevilla (Seville, 1603), pp. ɪoɪ, 103; Dozy, p. 179. On
its introduction into Mexico in 1522 see Canga Argiielles, i, p. 34. The best
description of it is in the Ordenanqas de Sevilla (Seville, 1527), pp. 55-61.
The last title is the compilation of city ordinances and should not be con-
fused with that of the ordinances of the Audiencia or high court, men-
tioned above.
Anejo, anojo: a toll on yearling sheep, levied in the vicinity of Toledo.
Arch. Mesta, T-2, Toledo, 1539.
Anubda, anuduva, adnuba: no satisfactory definition has yet been of-
fered for this fairly common term, which occurs at least as early as the
GLOSSARY
425
eighth century. It seems to have been a local tax, the proceeds of which
were used for military purposes, such as repairing fortifications, equipping
militia, etc. Lopez de Ayala, pp. 131-133; Dozy, pp. 19r-195; Yanguas,
ii, pp. 452, 603-604; Munoz, Fueros Municipales, i, p. 14, n. 3; Colmeiro,
i, p. 466.
Asadura: a small tax, dating back to the tenth century, originally levied
upon or in the form of the viscera (asadura) of sheep or cattle. During the
later Middle Ages the asadura tax was assessed at the rate of one lamb or
half a sheep per flock. The term is not to be confused with asadero, a villein
possessing no oxen but only a spade (asado) and paying a local tax, some-
times called the ‘ tax of the asadero,’ for the privilege of cultivating part of
the town common. Arch. Mesta, B-3, Berlanga, 1496; Llorente, ii, pp. 141-
142; Lopez de Ayala, p. 144; Yanguas, ii, pp. 597, 604. The name asadura
is not derived from pasadura, to indicate “ a tax paid by flocks passing over
seigniorial lands,” as has been alleged by Piemas y Hurtado, ii, p. 43,
and Pisa, Descrip. Toledo (Toledo, 1605).
Atajo: a toll levied on flocks using certain narrow cross-roads (atajos).
Arch. Mesta, Prov. iv, 26: lists of such tolls collected in the eighteenth
century, in the vicinity of Medina del Campo.
Atero, hatero: a tax upon the provision bearer of the migrating shepherds,
who was called by the same name. Arch. Mesta, Prov. iv, 27.
Bagages: a contribution of animals to a town for the transportation of
the supplies of its militia to the Moorish front. Llorente, ii, p. 142.
Ballesterfa : a tax levied to maintain the ballesteros or crossbowmen of the
local militia; town officials were particularly insistent in exacting this tax
from passing herdsmen because the latter benefited by the service of the
ballesteros in preserving order in the rural districts. Llorente, ii, p. 143;
cf. Ronda.
Barcaje: a toll levied upon the migrants by town governments for the
use of ferry boats (bar cas) at various points along the Douro, Tagus, Gua-
diana, and other rivers which were crossed by the sheep highways. At
Alconetar, which was sometimes called La Luria, these tolls were called
Iurias. Arch. Mesta, A-5, Alconetar, 1817.
Bestiage: a town tax on all livestock owned by the townspeople. In-
stances of this impost are found in Navarre as early as 1149. Llorente, ii,
p. 144.
Borra : a tax levied upon or in the form of yearling ewes, after which it
was named. It came into general use about 1485-90, when it was commonly
reckoned at one sheep (not necessarily a ewe) out of every five hundred.
Covarrubias, pal. borra`, Lopez de Ayala, pp. 614-615.
Buey de marzo: a tax paid to the feudal lords by the Iabradores or peas-
antry; it originated in Alava, and was brought into Castile not long after
13∞. Llorente, ii, p. 145; Altamira, ii, p. 56.
Canada: in Castile, a sheep highway (see pp. 17 ff.), whence the term
came to be applied in the eighteenth century to local tolls levied upon the
sheep using such ways; this was, in eflect, a local adaptation of the royal
servicio y montazgo (see pp. 257, 261). Arch. Mesta, Prov. iv, 26.