420
BIBLIOGRAPHY
No subsequent writer, save Haebler, seems to have known of the
monograph. All of these just mentioned, as well as the travellers and
eighteenth-century observers upon whom they so largely rely, have
made use of no original material whatever, beyond the printed codes
cited above (Nos. 75-80). This accounts largely for the absence of
any natural color or life in the formal pictures which they present.
They have attempted the rather extraordinary task of combining
the colorless data of the early pastoral codes with the vivid accounts
of occasional travellers who saw “ millions of sheep feeding on the
remains of the commonwealth which they had destroyed.” Col-
meiro’s is perhaps the sanest view, though he, like all the rest, found
himself unable to examine the institution as a fundamental phase of
Spanish economic development, and looked upon it rather as a pe-
culiar episode, to be regarded as a thing apart from the rest of peninsu-
lar history. The one object in the minds of all these and other writers
who have taken up the subject seems to have been to indict the Mesta
as the guilty party in the decay of Spain. This may or may not have
been the case; but certain it is that the institution had many other
aspects to its long life, and that both its age and the scope of its act-
ivities might suggest other points of view than that which held it
up as an obnoxious oddity. Briefer references, such as are to be
found in the standard works of Dânvila and Gounon-Loubens, touch
upon the Mesta only incidentally, and have been omitted.
A. Discussions or the Mesta
146. Bourgoing, J. F. Tableau de l’Espagne moderne. 2d ed. Paris,
1797. 3 vols.
147. Bowles, William. Iniroducci6n a la Historia natural . . . de Espana.
Madrid, 1782.
148. Bravo, Francisco Hilario. Nolicia sucinta del Origen . . . de la
Asoeiaeibn de Ganaderos. Madrid, 1849. 15 pp. A good brief summary
by one of the officers of the Mesta’s successor, the Stock Owners’ Association.
149. Camacho1AngelM. HistoriajuridicadeicultiwydelaIndustria
Ganadera en Espana. Madrid, 1912. One of two prize essays (see No. 159) ;
based almost entirely on legal codes.
150. Cano, Alonso. “ Noticia de la Cabana real de Espana.” In Bib-
Iioteca general de Historia, Ciencias.....vol. i (only one published),
PP- 5-32. Madrid, 1834. This defence of the Mesta was written in 1762.
See above, No. 42, for ms. copies.
151. CaxadeLeruelajMigueL RestauracibndelaAbundaneiadeEspana.
ɪst ed., Naples, 1631; later and enlarged edition, Madrid, 1632, reprinted
in 1732. A classical defence of the Mesta by a former entregador, who
had also observed the migratory sheep industry in southern Italy.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
42i
152. Colmeiro, Manuel. Historia de la Economia Politica en Espana.
Madrid, 1863. 2 vols. His chapters on the sheep industry are the best
discussions of the subject.
153. Cos-Gayon, Fernando. “ La Mesta,” in Remsta de Espana, ix,
pp. 329-366, x, pp. 5-39 (Madrid, 1869-70). See p. 419, above.
154. Fribourg, André. “ La transhumance en Espagne,” in Annales de
géographie, 15 May 1910, pp. 231-244. Has good maps and notes, and
points out how the railroads have supplemented the old methods of migra-
tion.
155. Girard, Albert. “ L’Espagne à la fin du XVIIe siècle,” in Revue de
synthèse historique, February, April, 1913. Discusses the “ ravages of the
flocks and the ruthless privileges ” of the Mesta.
г 56. Haebler, Konrad. Die Wirlschajtliche Blilie Spaniens im 16. Jahr-
hundert. Berlin, 1888.
157. Hernandez de Vargas, F. Memoria sobre el origen y antigiledad de
IaLanaMerina. Madrid, 1814.
158. Leonhard, Rudolf. Agrarpolitik und Agrarreform in Spanien unter
Carl III. Berlin, 1909. Suggestive. Good bibliography.
159. Moreno Calder6n, Antonio. Historia juridica del Cultiw y de la
Industria Ganadera en Espana. Madrid, 1912. Awarded second prize in
an essay contest on this topic under the auspices of the Madrid Academia de
Ciencias Morales y Politicas. See above, No. 149. This work of Moreno
seems to have been based upon a much wider field of reading than the win-
ning essay.
160. Randel, J. A. S. Neuere Staatskunde von Spanien. Berlin, 1785.
2 vols. Contains a remarkable summary of the views of travellers in Spain
on the Mesta.
ι6r. Rio, Manuel del. Vida Pastoril. Madrid, 1828. A curious booklet
on pastoral life in Castile, by a shepherd. It is dedicated to the Mesta.
162. Rodriguez, Andres. De privilegiata possessione Mixtae. Madrid,
1748. One of the few strong defences of the Mesta during that period.
163. Stumpf, Georg. Versuch einer Pragmatischen Geschichte der Schafe-
reien in Spanien. Leipsic, 1785. For nearly a century this curious little
book was the only attempt at a pastoral history of Spain. It was the work
of a Leipsic landowner, who became interested in the introduction of merino
sheep into Saxony, the first experiment of this sort, excepting an early one
in Sweden. The interest at the time, as expressed in this rare monograph,
was in the supposed necessity of migrations for the flocks.
164. Weiss, Charles. L’Espagne depuis le règne de Philippe II. Paris,
1844. 2 vols.
For critical views of the Mesta by observant travellers, see the
works cited in Foulche-Delbosc (above, No. 10), by Dillon, Jacobs,
Labat, Laborde, Mackenzie, Townsend, and especially Ponz (vol. xi).
On the introduction of the merino into other countries, one may con-
sult the bibliography in C. W. Wright, Wool-Growing and the Tariff
(1912, Harvard Economic Studies, vol. v). The best discussion of