The Environmental Kuznets Curve Under a New framework: Role of Social Capital in Water Pollution



Table 6. One way fixed effect spatial model of pollution and social capital relationship

Pollutant

Specification

Social

Capital

Social

Capital

Square

Social
Capital
Cube

Population

Density

Lambda

R2

Nitrogen

Quadratic

-1.784487

(0.424447)

22.30413**

(0.000009)

0.000648

(0.367039)

0.006999

(0.899034)

0.0879

Cubic

9.782264**

(0.007504)

_ _ _ ___**

-68.33292**

(0.003063)

161.9547**

(0.000054)

0.000917

(0.196888)

0.033959

(0.535551)

0.0970

Phosphorus

Quadratic

-1.809160*

(0.033715)

4.530204*
(0.015245)

0.000073

(0.780746)

0.137995*

(0.009302)

-0.012

Cubic

-1.027316

(0.460015)

-1.441358

(0.866937)

10.597998
(0.477878)

0.000094

(0.723270)

0.134986*

(0.011048)

-0.032

Dissolved

Oxygen

Quadratic

2.599933
(0.774325)

6.670249
(0.726015)

-0.002201

(0.394792)

0.400965**

(0.000000)

0.1157

Cubic

17.996077

(0.215611)

-105.910369

(0.214574)

199.273404
(0.175831)

-0.001588

(0.543857)

_ __ _ _ ⅛ ⅛

0.407994**

(0.000000)

0.1020

27



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