The Environmental Kuznets Curve Under a New framework: Role of Social Capital in Water Pollution



Table 4. Estimated parameters values and turning points associated with three
pollutants obtained from the one way random effect model.

Specification

Social

Capital

Social
Capital
Square

Social
Capital
-Cube

Population

Density

F-
Value

R2

Nitrogen

Quadratic

-1.360”

2.530**

-0.002*

______**

15.29

0.0980

(-3.52)

(5.97)

(-2.86)

Cubic

2.230**

_ _ _ **

-7.940**

7.090**

-0.0002*

7.75

0.1449

(2.95)

(-4.03)

(5.40)

(2.26)

Phosphorus

Quadratic

-0.236

0.234

-0.00002

2.33

0.0053

(-1.46)

(1.38)

(-0.53)

Cubic

0.110

-0.750

0.652

-0.00002

1.78

0.0081

(0.33)

(-0.90)

(1.20)

(-0.35)

Dissolved

Quadratic

-2.355

3.300

0.0004

4.20

0.0097

(1.35)

(1.81)

(0.88)

Oxygen

Cubic

-4.273

8.767

-3.629

0.0004

3.86

0.0103

(-1.19)

(0.97)

(-0.62)

(0.78)

1 Values inside the parentheses indicate t-stat for the parameters and. * represents
value is significant at 5%, ** indicates value significant at 1%.

25



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