The Environmental Kuznets Curve Under a New framework: Role of Social Capital in Water Pollution

Table 5. Estimated parameters values and turning points associated with three
pollutants obtained from the two way random effect model.

	Specification	Social Capital	Social Capital Square	Social Capital Cube	Population Density	F- Value	R²
Nitrogen	Quadratic	----Σ--W--- -1.500 (-3.88)	2.590** (6.17)		-0.0003* (-2.65)	—τ—__VV— 9.88	0.09
Nitrogen	Cubic	2.020* (2.65)	___VV -7.470 (-3.78)	6.790** (5.16)	-0.0002* (2.65)	4.90	0.14
Phosphorus	Quadratic	-0.226 (-1.39)	0.240 (1.43)		-0.00003 (-0.61)	1.78	0.01
Phosphorus	Cubic	0.188 (0.56)	-0.920 (-1.09)	0.765 (1.40)	-0.00002 (-0.42)	0.83	0.01
Dissolved Oxygen	Quadratic	-1.740 (-0.32)	3.000 (0.09)		0.0003 (0.50)	9.52*	0.01
Dissolved Oxygen	Cubic	-2.751 (-0.75)	5.868 (0.64)	-1.901 (-0.32)	0.0003 (0.62)	10.55*	0.01

¹ Values inside the parentheses indicate t-stat for the parameters and. * represents
value is significant at 5%, ^** indicates value significant at 1%.

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The Environmental Kuznets Curve Under a New framework: Role of Social Capital in Water Pollution

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