An Economic Analysis of Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: Implications for Overweight and Obesity among Higher- and Lower-Income Consumers



Table 3. Empirical Results for Time Series Cross-Section Regression (double-logarithmic model
with price and quantity variables measured in ounces)

Dependent Variablesa

__________Citrus______________

______Apples__________

________Berries____________

Store Variables

Store 2

.078

(.792)

-.028

(-.537)

-.105

(-.801)

Store 3

.31

(.392)

-.078

(-1.939)**

-.183

(-2.038)**

Store 4

-2.292**

(-6.612)*

-.966

(-3.114)*

-.862

(-2.953)*

Store 5

-2.134**

(-5.904)*

-1.206

(-3.756)*

-1.237

(-3.704)*

Store 6_________________

-2.386**

(-6.632)*

-1.278

(-4.001)*

-.969

(-2.931)*

Other Variables

Produce Sales

.709

(5.379)*

.813

(9.337)*

1.508

(6.948)*

Quantity Lagged

.006

(.454)

.016

(1.379)

-.037

(-1.816)**

Constant_______________

2.142**

(1.264)

-1.229

(-1.062)

-5.895*

(-2.168)**

Price Variables

Citrus Ab

-1.405

(-14.527)*

-.013

(-.349)

.131

(1.364)

Citrus Bc

-.822

(-6.873)*

-----

-----

-----

-----

Apples Ab

.097

(.829)

-1.539

(-16.231)*

.239

(1.414)

Apples Bc

-----

-----

-.273

(-2.459)**

-----

-----

Berries Ab

.155

(2.893)*

.069

(2.095)**

-1.968**

(-21.671)*

Berries Bc

-----

-----

-----

-----

-.148

(-1.298)

Soft Fruit Ab

.206

(2.622)*

.121

(2.631)*

.084

(.737)

Soft Fruit Bc

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

Bananas Ab

.051

(.624)

.031

(.525)

-.298

(-2.474)*

Bananas Bc

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

Melons Ab

.159

(3.613)*

.114

(4.143)*

.008

(.121)

Melons Bc

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

Grapes Ab

.159

(3.254)*

.037

(1.162)

.127

(1.690)**

Grapes Bc

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

Fresh-cut Fruit Ab

.090

(1.204)

.049

(1.451)

-.157

(-1.501)

Fresh-cut Fruit Bc

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

Greens Ab

.076

(.954)

.039

(.902)

.211

(2.132)**

Greens Bc

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

Fresh-cut Salad Ab

-.011

(-.075)

-.246

(-2.612)*

.142

(.615)

Fresh-cut Salad Bc

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

Salad Vegetables Ab

.191

(.810)

.110

(.733)

.388

(1.114)

Salad Vegetables Bc

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

Major Vegetables Ab

.232

(2.003)**

.117

(1.642)**

-.058

(-.327)

Major Vegetables Bc

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

Chinese Vegetables Ab

-.211

(-2.008)**

-.056

(-.999)

.106

(.775)

Chinese Vegetables Bc

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

Yellow Vegetables Ab

-.014

(-.163)

-.151

(-3.217)*

.539

(4.204)*

Yellow Vegetables Bc

------

-------

-------

------

-------

a Numbers in parentheses are t-ratios for the associated parameters.

b Indicates the price elasticity estimate for all stores.

c Indicates the difference between the price elasticity for lower income stores and all stores.

* Indicates statistical significance at the .01 level.

** Indicates statistical significance at the .10 level.



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