Table 4. Testing for the ambiguity and information effect
Hypothesis1 |
Test |
p-Value |
Description |
Effect |
Wilcoxon’s |
0.436 |
5th trial versus 5th |
Cannot reject H0. No | |
signed-rank test |
trial |
significant ambiguity | ||
Both Both H 0 : FUnclear = FClear |
effect. | |||
Wilcoxon’s |
0.013** |
5th trial versus 1st |
H0 can be rejected at the | |
trial |
0.05 significance level. | |||
H :FUnclear = F Both |
Kolmogorov- |
0.303 |
5th trial versus 5th |
Cannot reject H0. No |
0 : Unclear = Unclear |
Smirnov two- |
trial |
significant ambiguity | |
sample test |
effect. | |||
Unclear Both / / y~1 ∣~l 1-, ∣~l 1-, |
Kolmogorov- |
0.247 |
5th trial versus 5th |
Cannot reject H0. No |
0 : Pr ep = Pr ep |
Smirnov two- |
trial |
significant ambiguity | |
sample test |
effect. | |||
Clear Both |
Kolmogorov- |
0.111 |
5th trial versus 5th |
Cannot reject H0. No |
0 : Clear = Clear |
Smirnov two- |
trial |
significant ambiguity | |
sample test |
effect. | |||
Clear Both |
Kolmogorov- |
0.077* |
5th trial versus 5th |
H0 can be rejected at the |
0 : Pr ep = Pr ep |
Smirnov two- |
trial |
0.10 significance level. | |
sample test |
Ambiguity effect present. | |||
Clear Unclear |
Kolmogorov- |
0.292 |
5th trial versus 5th |
Cannot reject H0. No |
0 : Clear = Unclear |
Smirnov two- |
trial |
significant ambiguity | |
sample test |
effect. | |||
Clear Unclear |
Kolmogorov- |
0.163 |
5th trial versus 5th |
Cannot reject H0. No |
0 : Prep = Prep |
Smirnov two- |
trial |
significant ambiguity | |
sample test |
effect. | |||
Both Both H0 : FClear = FPr ep |
Wilcoxon’s |
0.000*** |
5th trial versus 5th |
H0 can be rejected at the |
Clear Clear H0 : FClear = FPr ep |
Wilcoxon’s |
0.000*** |
5th trial versus 5th |
Significant information |
Unclear Unclear H0 : FUnclear = FPr ep |
Wilcoxon’s |
0.005*** |
5th trial versus 5th |
H0 can be rejected at the |
signed-rank test |
trial |
0.01 significance level. | ||
effect present. |
Notes: 1Superscript = treatment, Subscript = trial, ***Significance level = 0.01/ ** Significance level =
0.05/ * Significance level = 0.10
10
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