Table 4: Household Fixed Effects Estimation Comparing School Enrollment of Foster Children with Host Siblings and
Foster Children with Biological Siblings
|
Panel A: Foster Children Compared to Host Siblings |
(2) |
(3) |
Panel B: Foster Children Compared to Biological Siblings | |||
|
(1) |
_____________________(4) |
(5) |
(6)______________ | |||
|
Ever Fostered * After Fostering |
0.015 |
-0.007 |
-0.037 |
0.036 |
0.016 |
0.026 |
|
[0.029] |
[0.035] |
[0.049] |
[0.026] |
[0.031] |
[0.043] | |
|
Ever Fostered |
-0.196*** |
-0.183*** |
-0.243*** |
-0.074*** |
-0.046 |
-0.077* |
|
[0.027] |
[0.035] |
[0.048] |
[0.022] |
[0.028] |
[0.040] | |
|
Male |
0.028* |
0.027 |
0.025 |
0.099*** |
0.106*** |
0.102*** |
|
[0.016] |
[0.018] |
[0.017] |
[0.012] |
[0.014] |
[0.013] | |
|
(Ever Fostered*After Fostering)*Male |
0.061 |
0.056 | ||||
|
[0.056] |
[0.051] | |||||
|
Ever Fostered * Male |
-0.036 |
-0.076* | ||||
|
[0.056] |
[0.046] | |||||
|
(Ever Fostered*After Fostering)*Young |
0.184** |
0.127* | ||||
|
[0.074] |
[0.066] | |||||
|
(Ever Fostered*After Fostering)*Middle |
0.100 |
-0.020 | ||||
|
[0.065] |
[0.057] | |||||
|
Ever Fostered * Young |
0.195*** |
0.064 | ||||
|
[0.068] |
[0.057] | |||||
|
Ever Fostered * Middle |
-0.019 |
-0.004 | ||||
|
[0.062] |
[0.053] | |||||
|
Young |
-0.138*** |
-0.086*** | ||||
|
[0.023] |
[0.017] | |||||
|
Middle |
0.131*** |
0.121*** | ||||
|
[0.021] |
[0.016] | |||||
|
Year = 1999 |
0.008 |
0.008 |
0.003 |
-0.000 |
-0.000 |
-0.001 |
|
[0.017] |
[0.017] |
[0.017] |
[0.014] |
[0.014] |
[0.014] | |
|
Year = 2000 |
0.032* |
0.032* |
0.019 |
0.011 |
0.011 |
0.011 |
|
[0.018] |
[0.018] |
[0.018] |
[0.014] |
[0.014] |
[0.014] | |
|
Constant |
0.168*** |
0.169*** |
0.293*** |
0.037* |
0.034* |
0.128*** |
|
[0.028] |
[0.028] |
[0.021] |
[0.020] |
[0.020] |
[0.017] | |
|
Controls for Age Effects? a________________ |
Yes______ |
Yes______ |
Yes______ |
______________Yes_______ |
Yes_______ |
Yes_________ |
|
Observations____________________________ |
2682 |
2682 |
2682 |
________________3632 |
3632 |
3632________ |
Note: Standard errors in brackets. *, **, *** indicate significance at 10%, 5%, and 1% respectively. The dependent variable is school enrollment with a mean of 26.4 in
Panel A and 19.0 in Panel B. All households that fostered a child in 1998, 1999, or 2000 are included in the regressions. The dataset in Panel A consists of 640 host
siblings and 316 foster children measured over 3 years. The dataset in Panel B consists of 994 biological siblings and 316 foster children measured over 3 years. In Panel
A, I exclude 186 observations in which the child is under age 5 in a given year, and in Panel B, I exclude 298 observations for the same reason. For columns 3 and 6, the
omitted age category is children over age 12. Young children are aged 5, 6, or 7. Middle children are aged 8 to 11. Data source: Author’s survey.
a For columns 1, 2, 4, and 5, I include dummy variables for each age, but in columns 3 and 6, for ease of presentation, I interact the age categories young and middle
with (Ever Fostered*After Fostering) and with Ever Fostered. Results are qualitatively similar if I instead interact age dummies with those variables.
30