Tobacco and Alcohol: Complements or Substitutes? - A Statistical Guinea Pig Approach

Parameter

Ex. Variable

Drinking

Smoking

Estimate

St. Error

Estimate

St. Error

γa

fitted smoking

0.038

0.025

-

-

γc

fitted drinking

-

-

-0.337**

0.102

father monthly drinker

1.453**

0.370

-

-

father weekly drinker

1.898**

0.411

-

-

father daily drinker

2.070**

0.386

-

-

δ_a

mother monthly drinker

2.556**

0.253

-

-

mother weekly drinker

3.918**

0.311

-

-

mother daily drinker

4.272**

0.449

-

-

father ex-smoker

-

-

3.145**

0.513

X

father smoker

-

-

6.458**

0.488

δ_c

mother ex-smoker

-

-

3.343**

0.588

mother smoker

-

-

7.960**

0.487

constant

-6.610**

1.830

-36.975**

3.659

year 1986

-3.556**

0.367

-4.965**

0.879

year 1990

-3.213**

0.355

-5.267**

0.655

year 1992

-6.772**

0.626

-6.672**

1.376

west

-4.932**

0.466

0.642

1.039

age

1.109**

0.139

3.265**

0.276

age²/100

-1.418**

0.253

-5.551**

0.517

parents married

0.087

0.353

-2.119**

0.581

father has low degree

0.634*

0.314

0.584

0.598

father has medium degree

0.921*

0.398

0.807

0.842

β

father has high degree

1.119

0.697

-1.077

1.452

father has uni degree

1.787**

0.471

-0.506

0.885

mother has low degree

0.306

0.279

-0.453

0.497

mother has medium degree

0.286

0.330

-0.795

0.692

mother has high degree

-0.015

0.842

-3.155

1.758

mother has uni degree

0.993

0.580

-1.848

1.061

grown up with mother

0.017

0.649

-4.177**

1.218

grown up with father

0.087

1.896

-3.346

2.191

grown up with both

-2.335

1.820

-3.617

2.416

no. children at parents home

-0.136

0.073

0.498**

0.119

LR-statistic

965.576

1090.842

number of obs.

12773

13291

ovi-test

________0.920________

0.061