|
Table 11: Males: structural form estimates | |||||
|
Parameter |
Ex. Variable |
Drinking |
Smoking | ||
|
Estimate |
St. Error |
Estimate |
St. Error | ||
|
γa |
fitted smoking |
0.135** |
0.041 |
- |
- |
|
γc |
fitted drinking |
- |
- |
-0.159** |
0.055 |
|
father monthly drinker |
2.108** |
0.458 |
- |
- | |
|
father weekly drinker |
4.529** |
0.533 |
- |
- | |
|
δa |
father daily drinker |
6.122** |
0.547 |
- |
- |
|
mother monthly drinker |
2.813** |
0.414 |
- |
- | |
|
mother weekly drinker |
4.855** |
0.563 |
- |
- | |
|
mother daily drinker |
4.279** |
0.885 |
- |
- | |
|
father ex-smoker |
- |
- |
4.209** |
0.596 | |
|
δc |
father smoker |
- |
- |
7.697** |
0.557 |
|
mother ex-smoker |
- |
- |
2.824** |
0.592 | |
|
mother smoker |
- |
- |
7.092** |
0.544 | |
|
constant |
-12.869** |
3.167 |
-42.937** |
3.797 | |
|
year 1986 |
-1.048 |
0.666 |
-4.218** |
0.727 | |
|
year 1990 |
-1.494* |
0.593 |
-6.119** |
0.603 | |
|
year 1992 |
-4.694** |
1.218 |
-7.970** |
1.220 | |
|
west |
-8.001** |
0.922 |
-3.481** |
0.954 | |
|
age |
2.467** |
0.242 |
4.134** |
0.311 | |
|
age2/100 |
-3.472** |
0.441 |
-6.696** |
0.548 | |
|
parents married |
-0.034 |
0.608 |
-2.142** |
0.615 | |
|
father has low degree |
0.940 |
0.656 |
-1.264 |
0.671 | |
|
β |
father has medium degree |
0.150 |
0.779 |
-2.234** |
0.768 |
|
father has high degree |
-0.972 |
1.225 |
-2.771* |
1.375 | |
|
father has uni degree |
0.432 |
0.839 |
-3.903** |
0.957 | |
|
mother has low degree |
-0.536 |
0.397 |
-0.593 |
0.465 | |
|
mother has medium degree |
-0.159 |
0.549 |
-0.287 |
0.659 | |
|
mother has high degree |
-1.249 |
1.057 |
-2.695* |
1.307 | |
|
mother has uni degree |
-1.020 |
0.950 |
-2.240* |
1.044 | |
|
grown up with mother |
-3.429* |
1.565 |
-5.770** |
1.255 | |
|
grown up with father |
-6.939** |
1.968 |
-9.329** |
2.041 | |
|
grown up with both |
3.775 |
2.154 |
4.877* |
2.063 | |
|
no. children at parents home |
0.232 |
0.144 |
0.835** |
0.132 | |
|
LR-statistic |
1082.242 |
1158.070 | |||
|
number of obs. |
12922 |
13064 | |||
|
ovi-test |
0.379 |
0.000 | |||
Notes: ** significant at the the 1% level; * significant at the the 5% level; bootstrapped
st. errors (100 repetitions); “ovi-test” indicates p-values for testing over-identifying restrictions.
34
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