Tobacco and Alcohol: Complements or Substitutes? - A Statistical Guinea Pig Approach



Table 9: Males: reduced form estimates

Variable

Drinking

Coefficient St. Error

Smoking

Coefficient St. Error

father monthly drinker

1.820**

0.604

-2.006**

0.634

father weekly drinker

4.200**

0.606

-2.076**

0.439

father daily drinker

5.914**

0.597

-1.154

0.620

mother monthly drinker

2.689**

0.443

-1.095**

0.471

mother weekly drinker

4.784**

0.584

-0.722

0.627

mother daily drinker

4.291**

0.795

-0.305

0.840

father ex-smoker

1.257**

0.476

3.957**

0.523

father smoker

1.209*

0.497

7.411**

0.535

mother ex-smoker

0.235

0.566

2.758**

0.598

mother smoker

0.764

0.491

6.934**

0.501

constant

-18.087**

3.310

-40.047**

3.433

year 1986

-1.564*

0.628

-3.968**

0.663

year 1990

-2.241**

0.515

-5.763**

0.538

year 1992

-5.609**

1.363

-7.078**

1.116

west

-8.271**

1.169

-2.138**

0.839

age

2.952**

0.237

3.666**

0.254

age2/100

-4.278**

0.445

-6.026**

0.473

parents married

-0.407

0.421

-2.000**

0.556

father has low degree

0.760

0.606

-1.243*

0.630

father has medium degree

-0.126

0.754

-2.018*

0.797

father has high degree

-1.307

1.222

-2.439

1.314

father has uni degree

-0.077

0.846

-3.693**

0.892

mother has low degree

-0.591

0.464

-0.447

0.488

mother has medium degree

-0.179

0.602

-0.193

0.639

mother has high degree

-1.596

1.242

-2.441

1.346

mother has uni degree

-1.293

0.986

-2.038

1.051

grown up with mother

-4.071**

1.199

-4.970**

1.216

grown up with father

-8.252**

2.111

-7.333**

2.168

grown up with both

4.409*

2.154

4.213

2.206

no. children at parents home

0.338**

0.128

0.764**

0.131

LR-statistic

1084.954

1177.506

number of obs.

12922

13064

Note: ** significant at the 1%-level; * significant at the 5% level.

32



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