Tobacco and Alcohol: Complements or Substitutes? - A Statistical Guinea Pig Approach

Variable

Drinking

Coefficient        St. Error

Smoking

Coefficient        St. Error

father monthly drinker

1.722**

0.379

-1.217**

0.450

father weekly drinker

3.274**

0.382

-1.244**

0.452

father daily drinker

4.108**

0.374

-1.146**

0.440

mother monthly drinker

2.941**

0.281

-0.606

0.339

mother weekly drinker

4.518**

0.371

-0.217

0.451

mother daily drinker

4.409**

0.483

-0.159

0.582

father ex-smoker

0.654*

0.301

3.562**

0.377

father smoker

0.716*

0.312

6.413**

0.381

mother ex-smoker

0.577

0.356

3.277**

0.426

mother smoker

0.552

0.311

6.729**

0.356

constant

6.896*

3.022

-21.458**

3.537

year 1986

-2.300**

0.420

-2.904**

0.498

year 1990

-2.618**

0.355

-4.167**

0.417

year 1992

-7.431**

0.900

-6.317**

0.868

west

-7.888**

0.787

-0.414

0.696

female

-10.818**

0.239

-3.728**

0.286

age

1.178**

0.201

2.596**

0.239

age² /100

-1.259**

0.353

-4.342**

0.420

parents married

-0.167

0.341

-1.464**

0.397

parents not married but together

-2.210

1.903

-0.622

2.067

father has low degree

0.817*

0.381

0.023

0.449

father has medium degree

0.661

0.481

0.785

0.575

father has high degree

-0.068

0.784

0.684

0.951

father has uni degree

1.414**

0.539

0.603

0.648

mother has low degree

-0.123

0.293

-0.111

0.347

mother has medium degree

0.001

0.381

0.749

0.458

mother has high degree

-0.690

0.809

-0.962

1.008

mother has uni degree

-0.330

0.620

-0.429

0.754

grown up with mother

-2.119**

0.756

-4.067**

0.859

grown up with father

-4.892**

1.364

-5.722**

1.554

grown up with both

1.572

1.391

0.599

1.578

no. children at parents home

0.093

0.083

0.522**

0.096

married

-1.514**

0.382

-2.456**

0.440

separated / divorced

-0.050

0.672

3.916**

0.747

widowed

-2.177

2.595

-0.392

3.051

number own children

-0.201

0.225

0.642*

0.250

low school degree

-2.399**

0.701

-2.418**

0.764

medium school degree

-2.011**

0.707

-5.805**

0.776

high school degree

-2.107**

0.744

-10.319**

0.829

unemployed

2.645**

0.766

5.578**

0.880

part time job

0.226

0.677

2.333**

0.805

full time job

2.116**

0.508

3.643**

0.612

military or civil service

2.398*

0.967

2.449*

1.157

less than a part time job

1.317

1.095

3.673**

1.249

pupil

-5.530**

0.920

-8.223**

1.065

student

0.538

0.700

0.221

0.873

in vocational training

0.170

0.614

2.934**

0.734

in other kind of training

0.646

0.827

2.271*

0.957

number of persons per household

-0.027

0.104

-0.903**

0.124

household income 1000 - 1499 DM

-0.119

0.705

0.368

0.822

household income 1500 - 1999 DM

-0.999

0.653

0.334

0.767

household income 2000 - 2499 DM

-0.618

0.641

-0.168

0.754

household income 2500 - 2999 DM

-0.800

0.635

-0.160

0.752

household income 3000 - 3999 DM

-1.068

0.630

-0.387

0.749

household income 4000 DM and more

-0.073

0.638

0.399

0.760

number of obs.

______________23195

23746